History of printing technology from ancient to present

It is used to print flowers and patterns on silk fabrics, called "clamping". However, the real use of mimeographic printing of documents was the Hungarian expatriate in England, Gesteiner. Around 1881, he used wax-coated fiber paper as a template, and engraved the data to be printed on it with an iron pen. Where the iron pen engraved, the fiber appeared micro-holes, and then the ink was brushed on the plate.

Press and push with a roller to make the ink pass through the wax plate and adhere to the paper below. Inventor Edison in the early 20th century also carried out research on the hole plate printing, he combined the iron pen with the motor, through the control of the motor to make the iron pen on the paper, the mimeograph. Although this method was not widely appreciated at the time, it was not put into practice, but its principle inspired later generations.

In 1888, Gestetner replaced the pen with a typewriter, removing the ribbon so that the words could be printed directly on wax paper, leaving a mark on the paper. The wax paper was removed, spread on the paper, inked and stamped, and the success was achieved. More than 10 years later, the Austrian Krabo invented the rotary mimeograph, which greatly improved the speed of mimeograph.

Intaglio printing - intaglio printing was produced about the middle of the 15th century, its principle is to make the printing plate less than the blank part, the layout structure is similar to the ancient Chinese Tuo Shi, only the inking position is just the opposite of Tuo Shi. Because the ink on the surface of the finished product printed by this printing method is slightly raised, it is easy to identify and difficult to imitate, so it is more used for printing banknotes, stamps and other securities.

Intaglio printing plates can be divided into engraving intaglio, etching intaglio and photogravure. Engraved copper intaglio printing was invented by the Italian Finacurian, who used this method to print maps in 1477. By the early 19th century, Europe began to use this method to copy famous paintings and print securities, so that intaglio printing gradually developed a unique printing method.

Modern offset printing and photogravure printing: the offset drawing line has a lipophilic, can absorb ink; The non-painted part of the wet drum that supplies water is not stained with ink. The ink attached to the plate is used to print on the rubber cloth roll, and then transfer to the paper. This is offset printing. In the photogravure printing of copper, there are holes produced by corrosion can be made of painted lines, and the volume of the hole determines the thickness of the painted lines.

The roller is first coated with ink, and then scraped with a scraper, leaving only the ink in the hole, when pressed, the ink in the hole will be printed on the paper. Letterpress printing - letterpress printing is the printing of the graphic part higher than the blank part, printing, the graphic part of the ink, and then cover the paper, pressure, the ink is transferred from the plate to the paper.

Under the influence of block printing and movable type printing invented in China, in 1445 AD, the German Johann Gutenberg made lead type and wooden printing machinery. At that time, lead type had already appeared in China and Korea, but in the summer, Thunberg not only used lead, tin, and antimony to make movable type, but also made a mold for casting type, so the movable type was relatively fine, and the tools and operation methods used were also advanced.

He also created the pressure press and developed fatty inks specifically for printing. Due to a series of inventions, Gutenberg became the founder of modern printing, and he created a set of printing methods that have been used until the 19th century. After Gutenberg created letterpress printing, some people in Western Europe are still working to improve printing technology.

It has created and improved the production process of paper stereotype, rubber letterpress and other copy plates, and improved the quality, printing quantity and printing speed of letterpress prints. Lithography - Lithography can be divided into lithography, offset and collotype according to different plate materials. Lithography was invented around 1778 by the Czechoslovak Sonnerfeld.

When he printed music, he found that the SLATE with micro-pores on the surface could absorb ink, while the ungreased part could not absorb ink because of its water retention. According to this phenomenon, he discovered the principle of oil and water rejection, and thus invented lithography, and has written a book "Lithography" spread in the world.

Offset printing is another lithographic printing technology developed on the basis of lithography. In 1817, Sunnerfeld replaced the heavy SLATE with thin zinc plates, and adopted a circular cylinder printing method to solve the shortcomings of stone plate technology. In 1905, the American Ruebbels added a rubber roller to Sunnerfeld's lithograph press.

The images on the printing plate are transferred to the paper through the rubber drum, and there is no direct contact between the printing plate and the paper, creating an indirect lithography printing method. Collotype is also a type of lithographic printing method, invented by Frenchman Herbato in 1869. Because frosted glass is used as plate material, it is also called glass plate printing method.