Gas, electricity, drainage, heating and other supporting infrastructure has become the focus of the transformation

Out of sight

-- Investigate potential security risks in supporting infrastructure, and map out the gaps in people's livelihood facilities

The "old" and "old" of the old community are not only reflected in the specific age of the building, but also hidden in many "invisible places".

"The installation of elevators, hardening of the road, these are 'visible places', and' invisible places' should also become the focus of the transformation." When it comes to the transformation of old residential areas, Chen Jun, a resident of an old residential area in Haidian District, Beijing, said so. The community where Chen Jun lives was built in the early 1980s. Due to the age of the building, the supporting facilities of the community have problems such as aging drainage facilities, low heating temperature, and slow optical fiber network speed. Taking drainage facilities as an example, the upper and lower water pipes in the building are made of cast iron, which is aged and rusted seriously, and there are water leakage and other phenomena. "Every time the water supply is restored after the water is stopped, the water is brown-red and mixed with gravel, and it takes a long time to restore the clarity." The corrosion of the pipes has affected the water quality. My family does not burn tap water to drink or cook with." Chen Jun said.

For the gap in people's livelihood facilities, the residents of the old community also have a strong desire to transform.

"The building door is five steps higher than the ground, but there is no barrier-free facilities, which is particularly inconvenient for elderly people in wheelchairs and crutches." There are many old people and children in the community, and there is a lack of nursing care facilities." Wang Shuzhen, who is over 80 years old and lives in a residential area built in the 1990s in Chaoyang District, Beijing, now has a problem: "We are a ladder of two households, some owners simply occupy the public space outside the elevator, partition, storage of debris, feeling very unsafe, but the property has no law enforcement power, and now it has become a 'big trouble' problem." Wang Shuzhen said.

These "invisible" and "difficult to see" places contain not only the basic transformation content such as municipal supporting facilities, but also the improvement content to meet the needs of residents' convenience in life, and the improvement content of rich public services, which is the focus of the next stage of the transformation of old residential areas.

The notice requires the investigation of gas, electricity, drainage, heating and other supporting infrastructure, as well as public space and other possible security risks; Find out the gap in facilities such as elderly care, childcare, parking, convenience, and charging piles. On this basis, the above facilities will be prioritized as a key content.

Ren Xingzhou, a researcher at the Research Institute of Market Economy of the Development Research Center of The State Council, told this reporter that the renovation of relevant facilities in the old community is a systematic project including the early project approval, mid-term construction, and late management and maintenance, and the early planning is in place and the residents are well explained and guided, which is an important prerequisite for the transformation. In the process of specific implementation, we must also adhere to local conditions, classified policies, and strive to achieve one policy in one place and one policy in one community. "Finding out the situation, identifying the shortcomings, and first striving for practical results in the transformation process will greatly improve the sense of gain and happiness of residents in the old community." Ren Xingzhou said.

Build, update, and manage well

-- Strengthen the supervision during and after the event, implement professional property management, and improve the long-term management mechanism

Making up the short board of supporting facilities in old residential areas is a complex and meticulous project involving a wide range of areas.

"We hope to change the cast iron pipe into PVC (polyvinyl chloride), but this is really a big project, to change the whole series, need someone to organize coordination, unified action." Of course, it also requires a lot of money." Chen Jun told reporters that in order to solve the problem of aging drainage facilities, the strength of individual owners and property companies is far from enough, and multiple subjects need to form a joint force in all aspects in order to achieve "both symptoms and root causes."

Wang Shuzhen said that when the facilities are built, they should also be managed, which requires improving the service management capabilities of the community, property and related departments. "There is not only a lack of parking Spaces in our community, but also disorderly management. Some have no households at all, while others have many. Over time, many residents lack trust in facility managers."

The transformation of supporting facilities requires compacting the responsible body. The "Notice" emphasizes that the social responsibility and safety responsibility of professional business units must be implemented first, and safety inspections and facility maintenance must be done. In terms of improving the long-term management mechanism, cities (counties) at all levels should fulfill the main responsibility of safety management, and relevant departments should carry out safety supervision and inspection according to their duties. In addition, it is necessary to establish a new community management mechanism with extensive participation, consultation, coordination and interaction between residents' committees, industry committees, and property companies, promote the modernization of community grass-roots governance systems and governance capabilities, and jointly maintain the transformation results.

Overall planning and coordination in the transformation process is also very important. "The management facilities of each unit are often 'Kowloon water control' and lack of coordination. Digging pipes today, repairing Wells tomorrow, moving optical cables the day after tomorrow... Digging and filling, and then stopping the water from time to time, have brought a lot of inconvenience to the lives of residents." Chen Jun said. To this end, the "Notice" in the engineering quality and safety supervision of the project industry in charge of units, construction units, survey and design units, construction units, supervision units are put forward corresponding requirements, and clearly strengthen the overall coordination of project construction, optimize the spatial layout and construction timing, to avoid repeated excavation.

In addition, some old residential areas do not have property management due to historical reasons, and the property rights of supporting facilities are unclear, which has become an obstacle to the maintenance and updating of supporting facilities in the medium and long term. The "Notice" clearly states that after the renovation of the old urban residential areas, the qualified residential areas will choose professional property service companies to take over through market-oriented methods; Guide the transfer of the property rights of relevant supporting facilities to professional business units in accordance with legal procedures, which will be responsible for follow-up maintenance and management.

Raise funds through multiple channels

-- coordinating local financial resources; Encourage the participation of financial institutions; Guide residents to contribute to participate

Many residents and the staff of franchised units and property management enterprises said in an interview that the transformation of supporting facilities and people's livelihood facilities as the difficulty of the transformation of old residential areas, "the difficulty is difficult in the funds."

Ren Xingzhou believes that the key to solving the problem of "where does the money come from?" is to innovate the investment and financing mechanism and promote the co-construction and co-reform of multiple entities. At the same time, it is necessary to focus on the sustainability of the transformation, promote the continuous flow of funds, and avoid the process of raising funds into a "one-off sale".

Clarifying a variety of funding sources is a highlight of the Notice.

On the one hand, the "Notice" emphasizes that the investment in the central budget is all used for the construction of supporting facilities for the renovation of old urban communities; All localities should coordinate local financial resources, focusing on the elimination of various types of safety hazards in old urban communities, improving drainage and waterlogging prevention capabilities, improving nursing care facilities, building parking lots and convenient facilities for the elderly and other supporting facilities in old urban communities. At the same time, professional business units should implement the responsibility of investment, and prioritize the renovation funds for supporting facilities in old residential areas.

On the other hand, the Circular pointed out that the important role of development and policy financial support should be given full play; Encourage financial institutions to participate in the investment of urban renewal funds set up by local governments such as the renovation of old residential areas; For the elderly care, parking, etc., there is a certain profit transformation content, encourage social capital professional contract, single or multiple; In accordance with the principle of who benefits and who contributes, residents are actively guided to contribute to participate in the renovation.

"Who benefits, who invests, these six words are difficult to implement." In 2013, the property posted a notice in the lift indicating that the lift was outdated and in urgent need of major repair or replacement. The notice is still up there, but no one is paying!" Wang Shuzhen said, "We these old residents are willing to pay, and the maintenance fund this pool should also be renewed." In addition, there are many billboards in the community, and the public income generated should also be used for the maintenance of facilities.

In order to implement the principle of "who benefits, who invests", the "Notice" gives specific methods: When guiding residents to contribute to participate in the transformation, direct investment can be taken, the use of residential special maintenance funds (replacement, renewal), and the transfer of public benefits to the community. At the same time, establish and improve the housing special maintenance funds collection, use and renewal system; Coordinate the owners' common income such as the operating income of public facilities, and ensure the needs of subsequent custody funds.

Ren Xingzhou explained that considering the characteristics of the old community itself, the funds for the renovation of supporting facilities need to be raised through multiple channels. This is neither the financial "all-in", nor the owners completely "out of their own pockets", but through the central finance, local finance, residents, social capital and other parties to participate in the joint construction and common reform.

Experts said that the focus of the transformation of different communities is different, and the problem of "who pays" should adhere to specific problem specific analysis: basic transformation should be provided by financial support at all levels; The improvement and upgrading should be apportioned by residents to fulfill the investment responsibility, and social capital can also be introduced through the market mechanism for the renovation of facilities with a certain profit. Among them, it is crucial to guide residents to reach consensus and form a consensus, and obtain the "maximum common divisor" of the public interest of the building and even the community.