Development prospect of domestic biomass power generation technology and equipment

1 Introduction to biomass energy

With the rapid growth of the global population and the rapid development of The Times, the problem of energy shortage has become a problem that the world needs to face together, and at the same time, energy security is also one of the problems restricting the peaceful and stable development of a country. Therefore, how to reasonably and effectively develop and use new energy, research and develop new equipment, explore new technology is particularly important.

China is a large agricultural production country. As far as Fujian Province [1] is concerned, the biomass resources such as various agricultural and forestry wastes, forestry wastes and forest product processing wastes produced every year contain huge wealth and value, which not only provides material conditions for the development of low-carbon economy in China, but also provides a reliable development basis and improvement space for biomass power generation technology in China. Biomass clean energy mainly refers to biomass gas, biomass solid fuel and biomass liquid fuel [2]. Compared with traditional fossil energy, biomass energy is a new type of clean energy, which has the advantages of renewable, low pollution and high added value. The rational use of biomass power generation can not only reduce the harmful waste gas caused by the use of traditional fossil energy, but also greatly reduce the emission of carbon dioxide.

In 2016, the National Energy Administration of the National Development and Reform Commission jointly announced the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020) for China's power industry, according to the 13th Five-Year Plan for power development [3]. China will launch a large area of biomass power generation pilot demonstration projects, the key task is to solve the biomass resources generated from agriculture and forestry, while ensuring that biomass power generation and grid-connected installed capacity in quantity and quality increase. By the end of 2016, China's grid-connected biomass power generation capacity was about 12.2GW[4]. By 2020, it will reach a total installed capacity of 15GW of biomass power generation, as well as 900,000 GWH of annual electricity generation. Therefore, the full use of biomass clean resources to help sustainable development of biomass power plants will become an important strategy.

2 Characteristics of biomass energy

Biomass refers to the organic matter containing energy left behind by animals and plants and for microorganisms after death, and the energy contained in these residues and the metabolites produced by living organisms comes from solidified solar energy. Although fossil energy such as coal, oil and natural gas is also converted from biomass energy, it is biomass that is different from traditional fossil energy [5]. Energy has the following characteristics:

① Recycling and regeneration. Biomass can be regenerated through the photosynthesis of plants, and it is a renewable energy source like wind, solar and tidal energy, and its variety is more abundant, which can ensure the sustainable use of energy and sustainable economic development.

② Energy saving and emission reduction. Because the amount of carbon dioxide required for the growth of organisms is basically the same as the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by them. Therefore, in the production of biomass energy, the emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are basically zero.

(3) The content of sulfur and nitrogen and ash in biomass is low, especially after sulfur combustion, the emissions of sulfur oxides and dust are very low compared with fossil fuels, and it is a very clean fuel.

④ The distribution is not only very wide, but also the reserves of biomass resources in our country are very large.

3. Biomass power generation technology

Biomass power generation technology is mainly divided into three categories, respectively, biomass direct combustion power generation, biomass gasification power generation, biomass coupled power generation (biomass and other fuel mixed power generation).

3.1 Direct-fired power generation technology

The technical principle of biomass direct-fired power generation is actually to convert the thermal energy of the steam into mechanical energy and electrical energy in the steam turbine by burning the biomass. This is basically the same as the principle of coal-fired power generation. During combustion, complex and numerous chemical reactions and physical changes occur, as well as heat transfer between fuel and air. The gas produced in the steam boiler mainly runs the steam turbine and thus generates electricity from the generator. The core of biomass direct combustion power generation technology is to increase the thermal efficiency of biomass fuel, and boiler equipment with extremely high thermal efficiency has become a crucial step. Biomass combustion equipment is divided into large boilers, small boilers and cogeneration boilers according to their size [6]. According to its combustion characteristics can be classified into beam furnace, granular layer furnace, plate boiler and so on.

3.2 Gasification power generation technology