Current situation and future development trend of hydrogen technology

2. Hydrogen transport technology

Hydrogen transport is similar to the storage of hydrogen and can be divided into gas, liquid and solid transport.

Gaseous transport: divided into long tube trailer and pipeline transport two ways. High pressure long tube trailer is an important way of hydrogen near transport, the technology is more mature, domestic often 20MPa long tube trailer to transport hydrogen, bicycle hydrogen about 300 kg, foreign is the use of 45MPa fiber fully wrapped high pressure hydrogen bottle long tube trailer to transport hydrogen, bicycle hydrogen can be increased to 700 kg. Pipeline transportation is more suitable for large-scale and long-distance transportation of hydrogen, and the operating pressure is generally 1.0-4.0MPa, which has the advantages of large hydrogen transport, small energy consumption and low cost, but the one-time investment of the pipeline is large.

Liquid transport: It is usually suitable for occasions where the distance is far and the transportation volume is large. The use of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation can reduce the frequency of vehicle transportation and improve the single-station supply capacity of hydrogen refueling station. Japan and the United States have used liquid hydrogen tank trucks as one of the important ways to transport hydrogen at hydrogen refueling stations. There is no civil liquid hydrogen transport case in our country.

Solid state transport: lightweight hydrogen storage materials (such as magnesium based hydrogen storage materials) have high volume hydrogen storage density and weight hydrogen storage rate, and have great potential as hydrogen transport devices.

At present, the demonstration application of hydrogen energy in China is mainly around the industrial by-production hydrogen and renewable energy hydrogen production area (less than 200 kilometers), and hydrogen energy storage and transportation are mainly in high-pressure gaseous mode. The White Paper on China's hydrogen energy and fuel cell Industry is expected that in the medium term of hydrogen energy market development in 2030, vehicle hydrogen storage will be mainly gaseous and low-temperature liquid, and a variety of hydrogen storage technologies will cooperate with each other. The transportation of hydrogen will be done through a combination of high-pressure, liquid hydrogen tanks and pipeline transportation.

Four. Downstream hydrogenation and terminal applications

1. Hydrogenation infrastructure

Hydrogenation infrastructure is the central link of hydrogen energy utilization and development, and is a special place for fuel cell vehicles. Hydrogen from different sources is pressurized by hydrogen compressor, stored in high-pressure storage tanks, and then filled with hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles through hydrogen filling machines. As a very key part of the hydrogen energy strategy, the hydrogen refueling station radiates the surrounding area with its hydrogen fuel reserve, so that the vehicle can replenish energy in time and form a good cycle, in order to promote the development of fuel cells. According to the data of the China Hydrogen Energy Alliance, by the end of 2020, China has built 127 hydrogen refueling stations in operation, and 61 new ones have been added, significantly exceeding the 100 target planned in the "Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicle Route".

Hydrogen refueling station has three core equipment, hydrogen compressor, hydrogen storage system (domestic currently are high-pressure hydrogen storage system) and hydrogen filling machine