Understand the whole industry chain of hydrogen energy

The international energy transition has been along the path from high carbon to low carbon, from low density to high density, and hydrogen, known as the "ultimate energy in the 21st century", is currently recognized as the most ideal energy carrier and clean energy provider.

Hydrogen energy is a clean, efficient, safe and sustainable secondary energy source that can be obtained through many ways. It is in line with China's carbon emission reduction strategy, and is conducive to solving China's energy security problems, and is an important medium of China's energy revolution.

The application of hydrogen energy can be widely penetrated into all aspects of traditional energy, including transportation, industrial fuel, power generation, etc., the main technology is direct combustion and fuel cell technology.

According to the International Hydrogen Energy Committee is expected that by 2050, hydrogen energy will bear 18% of the world's energy terminal demand, creating more than 2.5 trillion US dollars of market value, fuel cell vehicles will occupy 20%-25% of the global vehicle, and will become the main consumer of the terminal energy system alongside gasoline and diesel.

According to the China Hydrogen Energy Alliance is expected: in 2050, hydrogen energy in China's terminal energy system accounted for at least 10%, the demand for hydrogen is close to 60 million tons, of which 24.58 million tons of hydrogen in the transportation field, accounting for about 19% of the energy use in the field, the output of fuel cell vehicles reached 5.2 million/year.

Hydrogen energy industry chain: covering hydrogen energy end and fuel cell end

The hydrogen energy industry chain covers the hydrogen energy end and the fuel cell end. In the field of hydrogen energy and fuel cells, China has initially formed a comprehensive pattern from basic research, application research to demonstration, and laid out a complete hydrogen energy industry chain.

Compared with the lithium battery industry chain, the hydrogen energy and fuel cell industry chain is longer, more complex, and the theoretical economic value is greater.

Hydrogen production

At present, the technical route of hydrogen production is mainly divided into hydrogen production from fossil raw materials, hydrogen production from chemical raw materials, hydrogen production from industrial exhaust gas and hydrogen production from electrolytic water according to the source of raw materials.

The conventional hydrogen production technology route is dominated by traditional fossil energy hydrogen production, and natural gas is mainly used to produce hydrogen in the world. Due to abundant coal resources, China mainly uses coal hydrogen production technology route, accounting for more than 60% of the national hydrogen production technology.

The hydrogen production route will gradually transition from fossil energy to renewable energy hydrogen production. Large-scale low-cost hydrogen is the key, the route from "gray hydrogen" to "green hydrogen" development. In the future, "renewable energy + water electrolysis hydrogen production" is expected to become the development trend of large-scale hydrogen production.

From the three major industrial gas giants relying on air separation technology reserves and resource allocation capabilities in the hydrogen energy industry chain all-round layout of the ability to domestic industry development, domestic with hydrogen preparation and purification technology reserves of local air separation equipment and industrial gas companies are expected to benefit from the development of domestic hydrogen industry.

Hydrogen storage

Hydrogen can be stored and transported on a large scale is an important feature that distinguishes it from chemical battery energy storage. Under the premise that the total amount of resources is not constrained and the preparation cost is controllable in the medium and long term, the storage performance and transportation efficiency of hydrogen are the bottleneck problems in the construction of hydrogen energy network.

At present, hydrogen storage mainly includes gaseous hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage three ways, high pressure gaseous hydrogen storage has been widely used, low temperature liquid hydrogen storage has been applied in aerospace and other fields, organic liquid hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage is still in the demonstration stage.

In the hydrogen storage link, the main domestic manufacturers include cryogenic shares (cryogenic liquid hydrogen unit, liquid hydrogen storage tank, hydrogen storage system); Furet installation (vehicle high pressure hydrogen supply system and gas supply equipment); Capital Stock (vehicle storage cylinders, seamless steel cylinders, welded steel cylinders, welded adiabatic cylinders, carbon fiber fully wound carbon composite cylinders); Medium material technology (roving, fine sand, cut fiber, alkali resistant fiber, stitched fabric and other glass fiber products).

Hydrogen transport

The network distribution of hydrogen refueling stations is the basic guarantee for the large-scale commercialization of hydrogen fuel cell technology, and the key to solve the network distribution of hydrogen refueling stations is to solve the hydrogen transportation problem.