Key points and policy suggestions for building a modern infrastructure system

Fourth, the modernization of the infrastructure system should strengthen the construction of standards for interconnection between various types of infrastructure. Different from the "pipeline" characteristics of traditional infrastructure, the new infrastructure is a multi-level infrastructure system, and the interconnection between different infrastructures can give full play to the network efficiency and improve the use efficiency of the new infrastructure. However, the current level of connectivity between different infrastructures is low, reducing the efficiency of the use of new infrastructures. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, there is a lack of unified interface standards between various types of infrastructure, different technical routes, different industrial sectors, and different types of infrastructure are separated from each other, and it is impossible to realize efficient sharing of resources; The second reason is that the system and mechanism of data flow between departments, the policy guarantee of data resource classification management and application have not been established, and data flow and sharing are restricted. Third, local governments at all levels do not have sufficient understanding and capacity for the unified deployment of various types of infrastructure. Since the planning and deployment of communication network infrastructure (5G, Internet of Things, industrial Internet, satellite Internet), new technology infrastructure (artificial intelligence, cloud computing, blockchain), computing infrastructure (data centers, intelligent computing centers) are usually divided into different sectors, The inter-departmental coordination is easy to cause the interconnection of various new infrastructure and the implementation of unified planning and deployment are not good because of the lack of timely and inadequate coordination.

Second, high-quality policy suggestions to promote the construction of modern infrastructure system

First, scientifically define the strategic positioning of the government in the construction of modern infrastructure. In terms of traditional infrastructure such as transportation, energy and water conservancy, the government should play the role of the main investor. At the same time, it needs to actively attract the participation of private capital, and strike a balance between expanding investment and improving the quality and preventing government debt risks. In terms of 5G, gigabit optical networks, industrial Internet, artificial intelligence and other new information infrastructure, the government should give full play to the role of coordinator and policy provider, and stimulate the enthusiasm of social capital investment. Digital infrastructure such as artificial intelligence and big data has strong attributes of private goods, leading technologies and business models are not yet mature, and the development of industrial organization structure is still in a highly dynamic stage, which determines that the main investment body of digital infrastructure should be the market, and the role and policies of the government should focus on encouraging local governments and enterprises to explore diverse technology routes and business models. In the diversified competition, the leading technology, the leading business model and the advantageous enterprises are constantly promoted, and the investment incentive intensity is accelerated when the conditions are mature, and the micro-investment entities are encouraged to accelerate the investment pace and increase the investment scale.

Second, while strengthening the exploration of diverse technology routes for new infrastructure, in areas where technology routes are relatively mature and China has leading advantages, such as 5G, gigabit optical network, and industrial optical network, China will cultivate and enhance its unique technological advantages by guiding large-scale new infrastructure investment. On the one hand, the new infrastructure should strengthen the guiding role of the government to incubate and cultivate China's leading emerging technologies; On the other hand, in the context of unclear new infrastructure technology routes and immature business models, it is necessary to strengthen diversified route exploration and screen competitive technologies through market mechanisms. In the face of the contradiction between these two aspects, it is necessary to guide the development of China's advantageous technological routes through the government's new infrastructure in the fields where the current technology is relatively mature, such as 5G, gigabit optical network, and industrial optical network, and where China has certain technological advantages. For example, in 5G, it is necessary to accelerate the cultivation of China's closed 5G network with hardware and software integration, and compete with the ORAN open source technology route promoted by the United States and Europe; In terms of gigabit fixed network, it is necessary to compete with China's leading gigabit optical network technology route based on Cable technology route in the United States; In terms of industrial Internet, it is necessary to speed up the cultivation of China's advantageous flat industrial optical network technology route to compete and replace the dominant closed industrial Internet technology route in Europe and the United States. In areas such as artificial intelligence and blockchain that are still in the early stage of technological route exploration and where the competition of leading technological routes is not yet clear, the role of market mechanisms should be given full play, and state-owned enterprises and private enterprises should be encouraged to carry out diversified technological innovation and application through functional industrial policies such as research and development subsidies.