Mine ecological protection and mine ecological restoration

2. Production mines also have local ecological restoration projects, such as closed tailings ponds, land reclamation and ecological restoration and management projects of decommissioned stone discharge yards; Treatment of slope stability in open pit; Control of subsidence, landslide and other geological disasters.

(2) The ecological environment of the closed mine shall be mainly repaired

The closed pit mine is an abandoned mine with all production activities stopped, and its ecological restoration is a comprehensive and systematic treatment project. This kind of restoration and management needs a complete design scheme, construction blueprint, engineering arrangement, as well as technical and economic security. Its main task is to repair and control according to local conditions and the principle of one mine and one policy. Its purpose is to treat all kinds of unsafe hidden dangers, such as steep slopes, falling rocks, dangerous rocks, landslides, ground cracks, etc., in advance, and then carry out vegetation and ecological restoration on this basis, so that it is coordinated with the surrounding ecological environment. The second is to rebuild the ecological environment as far as possible, develop and build a new environment, and form new industries when conditions, demand and feasibility exist. Such as mine park, ecological park, health center, deep pit hotel and so on.

Three, two different strategies

The two kinds of mining entities have different nature, whether the implementation of ecological protection or ecological restoration, are an important part of China's ecological civilization construction, is an important task of green mine construction.

However, due to the different objectives and tasks of the two environmental protection work, the strategies and measures adopted in the implementation process are also different.

(1) Ecological protection strategies for production mines

Production mines based on ecological protection adhere to the principle of "prevention first, prevention combined", "development in protection, protection in development", "who destroys, who governs", "production, governance, restoration", and strictly implement the "three simultaneous" system. By carrying out mine environmental protection and management, comprehensive utilization of resources and pollution prevention, land reclamation and geological disaster prevention, treatment and recycling of three wastes, implementing clean production, energy saving and emission reduction, developing circular economy, under the premise of ensuring safety and environmental protection, fully and reasonably develop and scientific and efficient use of resources, realizing civilization and harmony between enterprises and the construction of green mines.

(2) Strategies for implementing ecological restoration in closed mines

In closed mines with ecological restoration as the main focus, in accordance with the principle of "who governs, who benefits", the guiding role of financial funds is given full play, social funds are encouraged to participate, and a new model of mine geological environment restoration and comprehensive management of "government-led, policy support, social participation, development-oriented governance, and market-oriented operation" is vigorously explored.

Adhere to the concept of innovative development, break the investment, policy, scientific research and other institutional obstacles in the restoration and comprehensive management of mining geological environment; To carry out innovative tailings residual mine redevelopment, comprehensive utilization of resources, reclamation and utilization of abandoned mining land, collective land transfer and utilization, etc., guide the investment of social funds, resources and asset elements, and actively explore the use of PPP model, third-party governance, government-enterprise cooperation and enterprise-enterprise cooperation and other market operation modes to carry out ecological restoration and comprehensive management.

"Development management" mainly involves three aspects of safety, ecology and resource utilization standard requirements, ecological restoration and environmental comprehensive management should not only meet the safety standards and ecological standards, but also take into account the reuse of resources. After treatment and reuse is the best goal of its pursuit, that is, to use it to develop into leisure parks, orchards, woodland or construction land, etc., to form an emerging industry, with investment and return, in order to give full play to its resource and environmental efficiency.

Fourth, there is a long way to go

According to the survey statistics, by the end of 2017, the land area occupied by the development of mineral resources in the country was about 3.62 million hectares, of which the abandoned mines left over from history and lost by the responsible persons occupied 2.3 million hectares, and the development of mines under construction/production occupied 1.32 million hectares. Data show that the national funds for mining geological environment control exceeded 100 billion yuan, of which the central government arranged funds of more than 30 billion yuan, local governments and enterprises raised nearly 70 billion yuan; A total of 920,000 hectares of land have been restored, with a control rate of 28.75 percent.