Chemical fiber oil

backdrop

Chemical fiber oil agent is used in the production and processing process of chemical fiber essential textile additives, its main role is to regulate the friction properties of chemical fiber, prevent or eliminate electrostatic accumulation, give fiber smooth, bunching, antistatic, soft and other properties, so that chemical fiber smoothly through spinning, stretching, elastic, spinning and weaving processes.

Although the amount of chemical fiber oil in the production of chemical fiber is very small, but it plays a pivotal role in the quality of fiber, so the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Japan and other countries have been very active in the research of chemical fiber oil, not only to develop a lot of new efficient oil, but also the use of compounding technology to develop a good antistatic, smooth and bunching of the ideal compound oil. China's chemical fiber oil industry started late, is accompanied by the continuous growth of chemical fiber industry and developed, has a certain scale and foundation.

develop

The development of chemical fiber oil agent has been five generations. In the 1950s, the conventional spinning process was used to manufacture ordinary polyester filament, nylon filament and spinning. This first generation of oil is mainly composed of mineral oil, adding emulsifier and antistatic agent. In the 1960s, the heat resistance of the oil agent was improved when the textured silk and industrial silk were manufactured, and the second generation oil agent with fatty acid ester as the main body was developed. In the early to mid-1970s, the third generation of oils using fatty acid esters with propylene oxide/ethylene oxide and polyethers was developed to adapt to the process of large roll and spindle deformation. In the mid to late 1970s, the high-speed spinning process adopted the fourth-generation oil agent based on propylene oxide/ethylene oxide polyether. From the 1980s to the early 1990s, the chemical fiber filament has developed to high-speed, ultra-high-speed and multi-functional fibers, and has adapted to the development of modified propylene oxide/ethylene oxide polyether and the fifth-generation oil agent composed of ingredients and additives with low friction, ultra-heat resistance, easy wetting and other special functions. Chemical fiber oil agent is mainly composed of smoothing and softening agent, bunching agent, antistatic agent, emulsifier, balance regulator and so on. In the process of preparation of oil agent, it is difficult to adapt to the requirements of various aspects by relying on a single surfactant, so different types of surfactants must be mixed together to complement each other and play its coordination effect.

China's textile industry is an important livelihood industry and an industry with obvious international competitive advantages, both of which will not change in a long period of time: Only by ensuring the status of the textile industry in the national economy can we ensure the healthy development of the textile industry. The textile industry adjustment and revitalization plan adopted by The State Council highlights that "the textile industry is the traditional pillar industry of our national economy". First, from the perspective of the domestic situation, the textile industry will be an important livelihood industry in China for a long time, and the huge consumption of 1.3 billion people determines that the domestic market must rely on China's own textile industry to meet; The textile industry has absorbed 20 million labor jobs, 80% of which are from rural areas, and it is related to the livelihood of 100 million farmers. Second, from the perspective of the international situation, the textile industry is one of the industries with obvious international competitive advantages in China. In the global textile industry pattern, it has an irreplaceable position of complete industrial chain, strong supporting capacity, clear division of professional labor, and low labor costs. It occupies about 1/3 market share in the global textile trade market, and in a long time, this pattern will not change.

At present, China's textile export market is first in the United States, Europe, Japan and other developed countries and regions. Although there were great fluctuations in this market in 2008, China's total direct exports to the United States did not increase, but the market share increased by 1.75%, the total exports to the European Union increased by 37%; The second is Southeast Asian neighbors, China's textile industry and Southeast Asian neighbors more and more closely integrated industrial chain, since 2008 to its exports of chemical fibers, yarns, fabrics, etc., have increased significantly; The third is Russia, Latin America and Africa, this emerging market textile and garment demand growth is fast, but due to its own processing capacity is insufficient, also provides a good opportunity for China's textile industry. In addition, since the international financial crisis, the proportion of consumption of high-end brand-name products in the international market has declined significantly, while the proportion of consumption of popular products has continued to rise, and Chinese enterprises can maintain growth in sales growth by virtue of high-quality and inexpensive products, and enhance the international market share of Chinese textiles.

Make up

Smoothing agent

(lubricant)

The main function of the smoothing agent is to reduce friction, improve the strength of the oil film, protect the fiber, and prevent the wear and rust of the fiber on the equipment. Smoothness is essentially the friction characteristics of the oil agent, which is commonly expressed by the static friction coefficient (μS) and dynamic friction coefficient (μd) between the wire and the wire (F/F), the wire and the metal (F/M) and the wire and the rubber (F/R) after oiling. It is usually determined by the Raeder test. The oil film strength was tested by MRS 10 four-ball friction and wear test machine. The oil film strength is high and the friction coefficient fluctuation is small.

The smoothing agent generally selects mineral oil, vegetable oil, fatty acid mono alcohol ester, polyol ester, fatty acid double ester, fatty acid polyol ester, fatty acid trimethylol propyl ester, fatty acid pentaerythritol ester, etc. Industrial white oil is widely used as a smoothing agent in chemical fiber oil. However, due to its poor heat resistance, volatile at high temperature, poor oil film strength, its use in high-speed spinning such as POY is limited. Synthetic ester is the main smoothing agent for one step process FDY, industrial filament and other oils, and its performance is superior to that of natural mineral oil. They have the advantages of low volatility, strong oxidation resistance, low freezing point, good viscosity and temperature, high compatibility and easy emulsification. The smoothing agent generally accounts for 40% to 60% in the filament oil formulation, and the proportion is higher in the finished oil. There are many smoothing agents in the oil, and the smoothness of the fiber is good, but it increases the difficulty of preparing the emulsion.

Mineral oil

Liquid alkanes: such as liquid paraffin is generally a mixture of moderate molecular weight alkanes and cycloalkanes. According to the difference in viscosity, it is divided into different grades. The viscosity of mineral oil increases with the increase of molecular weight and the thermal stability increases with the increase of molecular weight. Because mineral oil has the characteristics of low price, good smoothness at low temperature, good sizing, etc., it is widely used in all kinds of ordinary spinning oil, the amount ranges from 5-50%, and even more than 80% in winding oil. However, because of its poor heat resistance, volatile at high temperature, it can not play its due lubrication role, coupled with the poor strength of the oil film, the use of high temperature and high speed spinning process is limited.

Solid alkanes: such as solid paraffin also has many kinds, its molecular composition is mostly large molecules of alkanes. Because it is solid at room temperature, it is generally not used for chemical fiber oil agents, and is only used as an additive in high-strength industrial silk or cord oil agents in a small amount to improve the oil film strength of the oil agent.

esters

Esters can be divided into natural oils and synthetic esters.

A. Natural oil: It is composed of triglycerides of advanced fatty acids. This kind of smoothing agent can be listed as coconut oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, corn oil and lard, etc., with the decrease of viscosity, its degree of unsaturation increases, due to its low price, good smoothness, less smoke, high oil film strength, often combined with other smoothing agents for all kinds of chemical fiber oil agents other than POY oil, but because its molecules contain double bonds, oxidation stability is poor, easy to coking, As well as poor sizing, the dosage is generally controlled within 8%.

B, synthetic ester: generally by various alcohols and advanced fatty acids through condensation esterification, transesterification and other ways to prepare. Commonly used alcohols can be listed as octanol, dodecyl alcohol, octadecyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol and other monols and polyols, and advanced fatty acids from the source of raw materials, generally choose below octadecyl (including octadecyl) monic acid and polyacid. According to the needs can be made into different uses of single ester, double ester and polyester.

polyether

Polyether usually refers to the polymerization of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) under different starting agents to obtain polymer compounds. Starting agent multi-purpose alcohols, such as primary alcohols, polyalcohols, etc. Due to different starting agents, different ratios of EO and PO, different polymerization methods and different molecular weights, a wide range of polyether compounds have been formed.

POY spinning process for the oil agent required these characteristics, is other than polyether smoothing agents can not be done, so the amount of polyether in POY chemical fiber oil agent up to 70%. From the perspective of molecular structure, polyether molecules are hydrophilic with alkyl group at one end and alcohol hydroxyl group at the other end. The oxygen atoms in the ether group are easy to form hydrogen bonds with water, so most polyethers are easily soluble in water. Although the ratio of PO can be increased to increase the lipophilicity and improve its smoothness, it is still limited. In oils with high smoothness requirements, such as FDY oils, polyether is often used in combination with Taisen ester to make up for its lack of smoothness.

Foreign smoothing and softening agents have developed rapidly. The varieties developed include fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester, polyglycol laurate, hydrogenated castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene fatty amine, polyglycol sorbitan oleate, polyoxyethylene castor oil, alkyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene stearate, polyglycol stearate and sorbitan anhydride stearate, etc. Among them, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester or fatty acid ester is a dual-function oil component, which not only has the antistatic function, but also has the performance of improving the static friction D-friction coefficient of the fiber, so that the fiber has a good bunching property. And the double ester can effectively reduce the friction coefficient between the fibers, so that the fibers have good smoothness. Important products include Anco Vel EP, Atlasg 1045, Ricox-20, Sor omin SG, etc. Silicone resins can also be used as smoothing agents, as well as defoaming. When used, it is first emulsified with an emulsifier to form an O/W type stable emulsion, and then added to the dry fiber spinning process.

The domestic smoothing agents are octyl polyoxyethylene ether, sorbitan anhydride stearate monoester, polyoxyethylene stearate xylitol ester, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene, distearamide triethylamine propylene oxide quaternary ammonium chloride, polyoxyethylene stearate polyoxyethylene ester, sorbitan anhydride grease ester and sorbitan anhydride stearate polyoxyethylene ether, etc.

buncher

When spinning, in order to prevent the disturbance of the tow, it is required that the oil must be good to the bunching of the fiber. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the μS(F/F) and molecular force to meet the requirements of fiber bunching. Therefore, the components with good adhesion to fiber and good cohesion of oil should be selected. Generally, high fatty acid triethanolamine salt, sulfonated castor oil ester salt, alkylolamide carbohydrate or ether non-ionic surfactants and betaine amphoteric surfactants are used. To determine the bunching quality, the oil-free chemical fiber can be soaked in 2% oil for 5min, removed, hung for 24h, and observed the extent of the spread of the tow section when cut under 20CN tension.

Antistatic agent

Chemical fiber is different from natural fiber, its surface does not have natural oil, moisture absorption and electrical conductivity are poor, so when the chemical fiber in the spinning and processing process, fiber and fiber, fiber and machine parts friction between the static electricity will be generated, because the chemical fiber itself is very strong insulation, not easy to conduct electricity, static charge is difficult to escape. When static electricity accumulates to a certain extent, it will produce a series of problems, especially in the case of low temperature and humidity, fine densification, fast machine speed, etc., the static electricity problem is more prominent, such as divergence of silk strips, poor molding of silk drums, wool, broken ends, winding rolls, doubling length fibers when short fibers are cut, and cloud spots when spinning mills comb cotton. Even when the roller is wrapped, and the horn is blocked when the knitting is broken, so the antistatic property is one of the most important properties of chemical fiber oil. The effect of static electricity can be eliminated by adding antistatic agent to the oil. According to the mechanism of generating static electricity, antistatic agents can be divided into conductive antistatic agents and inhibitory antistatic agents (such as alkyl phosphate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether). The antistatic agent content is generally 5% to 20%.

Commonly used antistatic agents also alkyl sulfonate, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate salt, antistatic agent SN, polyether, antistatic agent TM and so on. Alkyl phosphate salt has good heat resistance and low thermal volatility, and can be used as oil component to increase oil film strength, reduce wear, improve carding state and reduce winding phenomenon. In the specific use, but also according to the type of fiber and antistatic requirements, in the selection of fatty acid carbon number, neutralizer type of screening. Generally, low carbon alcohol phosphate salt has good antistatic property and poor smoothness, while high carbon alcohol phosphate salt has slightly poor antistatic property, but good smoothness. For deformed silk, the choice of β-alkyl sulfonate (R=C12-C14), the effect is better.

New antistatic agents currently under development are: Alkyl phosphate diethanolamine, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene xylitol monooleate, alkyl polyoxyethylene ether sodium phosphate, octyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, soybean dimethyl hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium ethyl sulfate and octadecyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium nitrate, among which the most used are alkyl phosphate salt, alkyl ether phosphate salt and alkyl sulfate salt. And it is often a mixture of single and double esters. They have good antistatic property and smoothness, and good heat resistance, small thermal volatility, can increase the strength of the oil film.

emulsifier

The choice of emulsifier is the key to the preparation of oil with good properties. The emulsifier should have good emulsification and stabilization ability of smoothing agent and antistatic agent. Therefore, the type of emulsifier should be determined according to the type of smoothing agent and antistatic agent selected. The selection of emulsifier can be based on the HLB value and combined with practical experience. It is generally required that the hydrophobicity of the emulsifier and the emulsified material should have a good affinity, and at the same time, it must maintain a large hydrophilicity, so as to prepare a good emulsion. The general emulsifier uses non-ionic surfactants, such as span-60, tween-60 and other polyether surfactants, which has good heat resistance, makes the fiber smoothing agent good and does not smoke

Feed component

Mass percentage

Trihydroxypropane tridecanoate

30 ~ 35%

Dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether (5) phosphate potassium salt

1 ~ 5%

Sodium cetyl sulfate

5 ~ 10%

Polyoxyethylene (10) Castor Oil (EL ~ 10)

10-30%

Dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene (5~6) ether 17

1 ~ 5%

The characteristics of non-cohesion. The use of polyether in high-speed spinning and ultra-high-speed spinning oil can make the fiber quickly and evenly spread the oil on the surface of the oil at the speed of 3500 ~ 6200m/min.

Emulsifier dosage is generally 30%-50%.

Polyether belongs to the category of non-ionic surfactants and is an important component of textile additives and chemical fiber oil agents. According to different polymerization methods, polyethers can be divided into irregular polyethers and regular polyethers. Polyether surfactant generally has good heat resistance, can make fiber smoothing agent good, no condensation, no smoke characteristics. The use of polyether in high-speed spinning and ultra-high-speed spinning oils can make the fibers quickly and evenly spread the oil on the surface of the oil.

Balance regulator

Balance regulator is an indispensable component in the preparation of stable emulsion. It can make the surfactant components of various components in the oil miscible and give full play to the synergistic effect. Usually add higher fatty acids, higher fatty alcohols, polyols and so on.