Analysis of the concepts of home care, long-term care and family care

With the acceleration of the aging process of the population, the world's attention to the aging problem is increasing day by day, especially in China. Home care is an effective way to solve the problem of aging population in our country, and it is also the focus and development direction of our country's elderly care service system construction in the future. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to strengthen the research on home care for the elderly. A deep understanding and accurate grasp of the concept of "home care" is an important basis and premise for relevant research. However, at present, the concept of home care is relatively lagging behind, and the confusion between home care and long-term care, family care and other related concepts often makes researchers confused. To this end, the author will systematically and deeply study home care and related concepts from the aspects of service place, service object, service content, service form and service purpose involved in the concept of "home care".

1. Research on the concept of home care

According to Smith and Maurerl, home-based care (HBC) refers to Ancil - lary health care workers (HBC). AHCWs is a continuum of integrated health care services at the patient's place of residence, with the aim of promoting the patient's health, maximizing his or her independence and minimizing the harm of disease. Service providers sign agreements with patients to develop home care plans based on the needs of patients and their families, and communicate and coordinate with patients and their families to ensure that the plan is feasible. HBC's service targets include non-acute patients who have to be discharged early due to high hospitalization costs, hospital bed shortage, people who need long-term care, disabled, etc.] It can be understood that if the HBC serves the elderly or disabled elderly, it is the concept of home-based Care forElderly.

1.1 Service places and service objects

Henna et al., in Sweden's national goals for home-based care, emphasize that older people should live in their own homes as much as possible, maintain their independence and autonomy, and provide them with access to good medical and nursing services and enjoy an active life. Jacobzonel believes that with the significant decline in the occupancy rate of elderly care facilities, more people will choose and rely on home care, and home care services will face a higher level of disabled care. Lafortune believes that as the population lives longer, there will be an increasing number of seniors living at home who are severely disabled and have long-term care needs.

1.2 Service Content

According to Karien et al., an effective assessment of the health care needs of the elderly in the home setting is a prerequisite for the provision of home care services. According to Peter et al., there has been a steady decline in the demand for services such as nursing homes, care homes and domestic helpers in Sweden since 1993 or 1995. The number of elderly people living at home and suffering from chronic diseases or disabilities has continued to rise, and there is a demand for home-based care services. Some scholars have found that the number of home health visits is significantly related to the assessment effect of home care needs, and the care provided is personal care and supportive services. According to reports, Norway's home care services implement joint governance, flexible management, policy transparency, accountability system, the purpose is to control spending, improve the quality of service, but will cause home care providers are not sensitive to the special care needs of the elderly. Some scholars believe that home care means to meet the care needs of the elderly or disabled elderly, improve their independence, and provide support in health, daily life, finance, economy and other aspects of service. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is committed to establishing a community-based system of home care services, including management and services. Burtond et al. believe that the service contents of home care for the elderly include medical assistance, health support, prevention, medical insurance, etc., such as health management, personal care, transport, escort, meal preparation, shopping, room cleaning, spiritual comfort, etc. Care-at-home Services Ltd proposed, Home care services include 24h telephone contact with home health nurse services, personal care, assistance with bathing, assistance with dressing and hairdressing, assistance with toilet use, ongoing management, provision of equipment to help the elderly to turn over, diet management, communication, meal preparation, reminders and assistance with medication, keeping the house clean, escort to the hospital, caregiver's breathing service, dementia care, etc .

1.3 Forms of Service

The forms of home care include formal care and informal care. Finland's policy support for formal care in home care has enabled the high level of care needs of individuals to be met, and formal care has in many cases replaced institutional care and increased support for informal caregivers. Some scholars have pointed out that home care in the UK is faced with the qualification of formal caregivers and informal caregivers, while home care in Italy and Germany will focus on improving the working environment and wages of caregivers. There is a significant positive correlation between the provision of formal care services for home care and the degree of disability of the elderly.