What is biomass power generation? Advantages and disadvantages of biomass power generation

At present, the development and utilization of new energy has always been an important issue of concern to everyone. In addition to wind power, photovoltaic, nuclear power and other energy sources, there is another clean energy worthy of attention, that is, biomass power generation. Today, photovoltaic Xiaofei will give you a detailed talk about what biomass power generation is and the advantages and disadvantages of biomass power generation.

What is biomass power generation

Biomass power generation is the use of biomass energy for power generation, is a renewable energy generation, including agricultural and forestry waste direct combustion power generation, agricultural and forestry waste gasification power generation, waste incineration power generation, landfill gas power generation, biogas power generation. The world biomass power generation originated in the 1970s, at that time, after the outbreak of the world oil crisis, Denmark began to actively develop clean renewable energy, vigorously promote biomass power generation such as straw. Since 1990, biomass power generation in many countries in Europe and the United States began to develop vigorously.

Second, the principle of biomass power generation

Power generation principle: same as coal-fired power generation principle. There is no essential difference between material direct combustion power generation and coal-fired thermal power generation in principle, the main difference is reflected in the raw materials, the raw material of thermal power generation is coal, while the raw material of direct combustion power generation is mainly agricultural and forestry waste and straw. Direct combustion power generation is to feed biomass raw materials into a specific steam boiler suitable for biomass combustion, generate steam, drive the steam engine to turn and drive the generator to generate electricity.

The specific process is as follows: the biomass such as straw is processed into a form suitable for boiler combustion (powder or block), which is sent into the boiler to fully burn, so that the chemical energy stored in the biomass fuel is converted into heat energy; After the water in the boiler is heated, saturated steam is generated, and the saturated steam is heated into superheated steam in the superheater to enter the turbine, which drives the turbine generator set to rotate, converting the internal energy of the steam into mechanical energy, and finally the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by the generator.

The power generation equipment of biomass power plant and coal-fired power generation equipment of the same scale are very similar, at present, most of the combustion tools used in the biomass direct combustion power plant mainly include biomass water-cooled vibrating grate boiler, biomass circulating fluidized bed boiler and combined grate boiler, of which the most widely used is the water-cooled vibrating grate boiler. The steam generator sets mostly use high temperature and high pressure pumping steam turbine units.

Third, the advantages and disadvantages of biomass power generation

Advantages of biomass power generation:

(1) Biomass power generation has good power quality and high reliability in renewable energy generation, which is much better than intermittent power generation such as small hydropower, wind power and solar power, and can be used as a supplement energy for small hydropower, wind power and solar power, and has high economic value;

(2) Biomass power plants can basically be built in the county's industrial park, so biomass power plants can be directly connected to the Internet for power supply; (3) The construction of biomass power plants is conducive to the rational distribution of power supplies, is conducive to reducing the line loss of the power grid, and is conducive to the energy saving and loss reduction of the power grid.

Disadvantages of biomass power generation:

(1) Relatively high construction and operating costs;

(2) Weak technological development capacity and industrial system.

Fourth, the prospect of biomass power generation

Under the tone of the new material power generation policy, the biomass power generation policy during the "14th Five-Year Plan" mainly has the following five aspects:

1. Competitive allocation of project resources. Since January 1, 2021, construction has not been approved in the plan. The newly approved biomass power generation projects are all equipped and determined through competition;

(2) The establishment of electricity subsidy sharing mechanism, the central subsidy decline, it is estimated that by the late "14th Five-Year Plan" new biomass power generation project electricity subsidy by local governments;

3. Encourage diversity and efficient use of biomass;

4. Gradually promote the socialization of biomass power generation;

5. Further strengthen the operation and management of biomass power generation construction projects.

August 2021, National Development and Reform Commission. The Ministry of Finance and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the Implementation Plan of the Biomass Power Generation Construction Project in 2021. "Compensation is determined by revenue and shared by the central government. Classification management. Stable development "overall idea, highlighting the key" classification management "to promote the stable and healthy development of biomass power generation industry. With the further clarification of the policy, biomass power generation is about to enter a stage of rapid development.