Green ship low-carbon development trend and countermeasures

The government introduced relevant legislation and formulated development plans. The Norwegian government is working to promote a climate - and environment-friendly international institutional framework for the shipping industry: the Ship Safety and Regulation Act covers environmental safety and environmental requirements related to the construction, equipment and operation of ships; The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships has been applied in Norway's domestic legal system to regulate the legal issues arising from air pollution and the discharge of toxic and harmful substances caused by ship navigation; The Pollution Prevention and Control Law has been extended to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from ships.

The Government implements the concept of reducing emissions from ships in the process of public procurement. The Norwegian government will promote the inclusion of zero - and low-emission concepts in the procurement process of ferries and high-speed vessels. According to Norwegian legislation on public procurement, public bodies must conduct procurement in a manner that reduces harmful environmental impacts and promotes climate friendliness. The Government hopes that the public sector will use its emission reduction procurement practices to incentivize the use of low-emission technology products, and will ensure that requirements related to zero-emission transport are taken into account in the public procurement process as far as possible, providing opportunities and creating incentives for the development of zero-emission vessels.

The government supports the purchase and registration of green ships in the form of financial and tax incentives. The Norwegian government has developed a long-term subsidy and tax incentive program for the acquisition of environmentally friendly vessels, and the 2019 national budget has set up a special fund to support the introduction of low - and zero-emission solutions for high-speed passenger ships, as well as financial subsidies for the acquisition of environmentally friendly high-speed vessels by local governments. In addition to urging existing ships flying the Norwegian flag to implement green environmental measures, introducing incentives (such as better service, lower fees, etc.) to encourage shipowners to register zero - and low-emission vessels in Norway to enhance the international competitiveness of the Norwegian shipping industry.

The government will work with relevant enterprises to formulate plans for the development of green ships. The Norwegian government believes that the green development of the shipping industry is inseparable from the joint efforts and cooperation of shipowners, shippers and relevant public authorities. In the process of developing the green ship development program, the Norwegian government has engaged in a dialogue with relevant industry partners to discuss the possibility of developing a letter of intent for the green renewal of the cargo fleet; Enterprises are encouraged to support the research and development of relevant technologies and infrastructure construction through donations, such as Enova, a wholly state-owned company under the Royal Norwegian Petroleum Energy Ministry, has allocated 1.5 billion Norwegian kroner for different types of ship projects since 2015, for the installation of batteries and charging facilities for green ships.

Establish shipping quota obligations for biofuels. The Norwegian government believes that increasing the use of biodiesel and biogas is one of the important means to achieve the goal of halving Norwegian shipping emissions by 2030. The Norwegian Parliament has submitted a proposal to the government on the implementation of sustainable biofuel quota obligations for the shipping industry. In this regard, the Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment has organized UNEP to cooperate with the Maritime Administration to examine the feasibility and environmental impact of introducing mandatory measures for biofuel quotas, and to cooperate with scientific research institutions such as the Innovation Agency and the Research Council and related enterprises to increase the research and development and production of biogas from biological residues and wastes.

(2) Japan

Japan, a major player in the global shipping and shipbuilding industry, is working to introduce ultra-low or zero emission ships by 2030, with a view to achieving greenhouse gas emissions reductions of 90% or more (compared to 2008). To this end, Japan is accelerating the research, development and demonstration of new technologies, and formulating measures to encourage the coordinated development of zero-emission ships, clean alternative fuel supply chains and related infrastructure, in order to solve the problems of high initial investment costs, insufficient endurance capacity and lagging construction of related supporting facilities in the promotion and application of green ships as soon as possible.

Japan regards the development of clean alternative fuels as an effective way to promote the development of green ships, and believes that there are two main possibilities for the realization of alternative fuels for shipping ships: First, liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel is used as a transitional alternative fuel to solve the problem of carbon emission reduction in shipping, and LNG fuel infrastructure is used to gradually expand the use of biological CH4 and carbon cycle CH4. The second is to increase the use of hydrogen and ammonia fuel while using LNG fuel, because the combustion of liquefied hydrogen and ammonia without the use of kindling does not emit CO2, which can play an important role in reducing the total greenhouse gas emissions of international shipping [4].