Types and prevention measures of mine geological disasters

2.3.3 Mine fire

Pit fires are common in coal mine gangue and sulfide deposits, because coal gangue and sulfide can also oxidize and generate heat, which can cause fires. Mine fire to the surrounding environment of the atmosphere is also very serious harm, some perennial burning mines, the local air pollution is serious, the regional microclimate has changed, a large number of seedlings around the mining area died, the field is barren, the environmental situation is worrying.

2.3.4 Geothermal

In the process of mining, all the mineral resources, including coal, metal and non-metal ores, need to be mined through deep rock and soil layers, when reaching a certain depth, they will encounter the harm of rising mine temperature. Usually after the mining depth reaches 800 meters, the mine due to high sulfur content, large mining depth, and very high ground temperature will also lead to poor working environment for miners, seriously affecting normal production.

2.4 Mine environmental chemical pollution disaster

The waste residue, waste water and waste gas produced by mining and mineral processing cause environmental pollution, which is also a form of mining geological disasters. These wastes are not effectively treated, directly dumped or disordered discharge, will cause environmental pollution and public hazards. This kind of environmental disaster will also lead to soil erosion, land sand, salinization, groundwater flow and other related secondary disasters. The consequences of these pollution incidents often affect the physical conditions of people and animals for a long time, leading to the unsustainable development of the national economy, resources and environment.

2.4.1 Disaster of end warehouse and field warehouse

The mining of many mines is accompanied by the existence of mines and tailings ponds. The instability of the reservoir is mainly due to the huge damage caused by the debris flow after the tailings dam can not withstand the pressure. The dam break of tailing reservoir often occurs because of the increasing pressure on the stability of the dam body, or because of the overflow of waste ore liquid and the dam body piping. Tailings break the levee brings immeasurable disastrous consequences to the production and life of the people in the mining area, but also causes pollution and long-term harm to the local soil and water environment.

2.4.2 Water and soil environmental pollution

Mining wastewater, mine underground water, mineral processing, smelting sewage, tailings leakage, etc., will cause pollution of mine water sources and groundwater, while the existence of heavy metal pollution elements, toxic and harmful elements in the waste liquid will also remain in the soil for a long time, forming persistent environmental disasters. The amount of mining wastewater is large, most of which is too late to be treated, and is directly discharged into environmental water bodies in a disorderly manner, which directly or indirectly causes regional soil and water environmental pollution, resulting in long-term pollution of surface water, underground water sources and farmland in mining areas. Such harm is often latent, and it is more harmful.

2.4.3 Land degradation

Open-pit mining is one of the factors affecting soil erosion and land desertification. In the process of open-pit mining and excavation mining, the destruction of surface vegetation, soil slope and the expansion of tailings will lead to soil erosion and land degradation. And a lot of mining drainage, resulting in salinization of land.

3, mining geological disaster exploration methods

Because the geological disasters of mines occur in the deep, remote sensing information technology and physical exploration methods are used in the exploration.

3.1 Comprehensive method of Earth information technology

The current information technology mainly uses remote sensing set "3S" technology to grasp the possible distribution, occurrence location and region of geological disasters in time. For example, global satellite positioning system is used to accurately locate the high-risk points of geological disasters, and remote sensing satellites are used to perform superposition analysis to predict the trend of disasters.

3.2 Geophysical exploration methods

It mainly refers to the application of physical means to detect the relevant information of rock and soil circles, determine the possible disaster concomitances such as gob, fault displacement, magnetic field change, and so on, and analyze and predict geological disasters in advance. The methods of geophysical prospecting for mine geological hazards mainly include high-density resistivity method, apparent resistivity method, transient electromagnetic method, shallow seismic method and so on. These methods are important technical means to predict potential mine geological hazards.

3.3 Methods of environmental chemical investigation

In the process of mine geological disaster prevention, people often use geochemical exploration methods. For example, in the monitoring of environmental pollution in mining areas, chemical detection methods have irreplaceable advantages. The application of this method can effectively determine the pollution factors, predict the pollution trend, trace the pollution source, divide the pollution area, and provide important scientific basis and technical support for the formulation of pollution control plan.