Steel industry supply chain to achieve the goal of "double carbon" path analysis and impact on cost

First, energy conservation and emission reduction in the steel industry chain and supply chain is the key to "carbon reduction"

(1) Steel production has large carbon emissions and high unit energy consumption

The development stage of China's economy, the characteristics of resource endowment, the heavy industrial structure and the energy structure dominated by fossil energy have resulted in a large carbon emission base and rapid growth in China. The Global Energy Internet Development Cooperation Organization's "China's Carbon Peak before 2030 Research Report" shows that in 2019, China's whole society carbon emissions of about 10.5 billion tons, of which energy activities carbon emissions of about 9.8 billion tons, accounting for 87%. In the carbon emission structure of energy activities, the carbon emissions of energy production and conversion and energy terminal consumption accounted for 47% and 53% respectively, and the steel industry was the largest carbon emission industry in the field of energy terminal consumption, accounting for 17% of the carbon emissions in the field of energy activities, far higher than the second and third building materials (8%) and chemical industry (6%). In 2017, China emitted 2 tons of carbon dioxide per ton of steel, far higher than the international advanced level. In 2018, the comprehensive energy consumption of China's key large and medium-sized iron and steel enterprises reached 555 kg of standard coal/ton, much higher than Germany's 251 kg of standard coal/ton and the United States' 276 kg of standard coal/ton. It can be seen that while the carbon emissions of steel production account for the largest proportion in the field of energy consumption, the unit energy consumption is high, and there is a big gap compared with the international advanced level.

(2) Large flow of steel, many transportation links, and large carbon emissions

At present, China has built the most complete steel industry system of the global industrial chain, which effectively supports the demand for steel in the downstream industry and the steady and rapid development of the national economy, and the steel output ranks first in the world for 25 consecutive years, resulting in huge material flow. The main reason for the large carbon emissions of China's steel industry logistics is that it is affected by resource endowments. In the transportation of raw materials, affected by the shortage of domestic natural mineral resources, especially high-grade mineral resources, iron and steel raw materials rely on imports, resulting in long-distance transportation. The second is affected by the layout of the steel industry. Domestic raw materials are mainly reflected in the "north timber south transport", which makes the raw materials involving iron ore, coking coal and other bulk materials transport distance is longer. In the transportation of finished products, due to the large number of iron and steel enterprises in China, highly dispersed and widely distributed, the origin layout is far away from the consumer market, making the finished products need large-scale and long-distance transportation. The southeast coastal areas, especially the Pearl River Delta region, have a large long-term demand, and the production capacity of the Bohai Rim region needs to flow to the south. Third, it is affected by production technology. China's iron and steel production is dominated by long flow technology, and intra-plant transfer is complicated. Usually from the production point of view, the annual output of crude steel is 1 billion tons, and the corresponding flow is about 10 billion tons, of which four are transported outside the plant and six are transported inside the plant. The fourth is affected by the mode of transportation of steel. Transportation is the second largest carbon emission field of energy consumption in China. Among them, roads consume the most energy, accounting for 83% of the total energy consumption in the transport sector, followed by waterways, and railways are the cleanest and low-carbon mode of transport, accounting for 3% of the total energy consumption in the transport sector. China's iron and steel logistics adopt a large number of road transportation, which inevitably produces a large number of carbon emissions. Therefore, the iron and steel industry is affected by many factors such as resource endowment, production layout, technology and transportation mode, with high output, large material flow and huge carbon emissions.

Second, the steel industry must take effective measures to reduce carbon emissions

(1) Establish a carbon emission accounting system and guide industries to reduce carbon emissions

Carbon trading takes carbon dioxide emission rights as a commodity, thus forming the trading of carbon dioxide emission rights. In 2011, China's carbon emissions trading pilot work began, in 2013, the first carbon emissions trading platform in Shenzhen began trading, since then, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangdong, Hubei, Chongqing and other provinces and cities have launched carbon emissions trading pilot. On July 16 this year, the national carbon emissions trading market opened. Because the power generation industry is in the field of energy production and conversion with the largest carbon emission in the whole society, it is the first to be included in the national carbon emission rights trading market.