Metal mining subverts the seven traditional mining technologies



First, mining technology reform

1, mechanical continuous cutting, driving technology

From the long-term goal, it is an important direction to adopt the method of mechanical excavation and mechanical drilling, and replace the traditional blasting mining technology with continuous cutting equipment. Because the blasting mining process first causes damage to the stability of the surrounding rock, and second, the ore and waste rock are mined together, which greatly increases the processing operation and the workload of upgrading.

advantage

1> Mechanical cutting can accurately mine the target ore, so that the mined ore dilution rate is reduced to a minimum.

2> It can realize the parallel and continuous process of cutting, loading and transportation, creating conditions for continuous mining.

problem

1> Mining operation is affected by the variable morphology of metal deposits

2> Complex geological conditions limit the life and cost of the cutting head

2, high pressure water jet rock breaking and mining technology

High pressure water jet technology is a new cleaning and cutting technology developed in the 1970s. At present, high pressure water jet has been applied to soft rock and medium hard rock breaking, and has been widely used in coal mines. However, higher water jet pressure is required when breaking hard rock, which results in reduced reliability and life of the jet launcher system.

In order to solve the problem of hard rock breaking, the high pressure water jet needs to be developed in the direction of ultra-high pressure and high power. It provides the possibility for rock breaking under the condition of metal ore hard rock.

3. Laser rock breaking and mining technology

Laser rock breaking is to use the heat generated by high energy laser beam to rapidly heat the local rock, and realize three rock breaking forms of crushing, decomposition, melting and vaporization with the increase of temperature.

Mining rock can be broken as long as it is broken. When the high energy laser acts on the rock surface, the local rock is rapidly heated and expanded, resulting in an increase in local thermal stress. When the thermal stress is higher than the ultimate strength of the rock, the rock will be thermal broken to achieve cutting and breaking.

4. Plasma rock breaking and mining technology

The technology uses electrical energy to transform the electrolyte in the gun hole into a high-pressure and high-temperature plasma gas, which rapidly expands to form a shock wave, producing a blasting effect similar to that of explosives. The pressure generated by blasting can exceed 2GPa, which is high enough to break hard rock. The implementation of this technology can greatly improve the working environment and reduce the impact and damage of traditional blasting on surrounding rock and environment.

Second, support technology reform

5. Paste filling mining technology

Usually, due to the high cost, only some mines with high mineral value use the filling method.

In order to realize green mining, control rock strata movement and surface subsidence, and protect the natural and ecological environment; Filling mining method will be the mining method that most mines, including iron ore, have to choose to effectively control the intense ground pressure activities in deep mining and avoid the occurrence of various disasters caused by the instability of roadway and stope. This is a major change in the traditional mining model.

However, the principle of balance between mining value and support cost must be observed. In order to reduce the cost of filling, it is necessary to carry out a major reform of filling technology and filling materials. Full tailings paste filling can obtain high quality filling body under the condition of low cement consumption, which can effectively maintain empty area and control rock burst. Represents the development direction of this technology.

Third, the integration of change

6. Integration technology of mining and selection

Downhole preselection and tailcasting technology. Before the ore is lifted to the surface, pre-selection and pre-enrichment are carried out in the mine, and most of the waste rock is thrown away, which can significantly reduce the amount of ore lifting.

Slurry transport technology. For deep mining, it is a potential technology to break and grind the ore into pulp after presorting and then send it to the surface concentrator by pipeline. Compared with other transportation schemes, pipeline hydraulic transportation has a series of advantages, such as low infrastructure investment, strong adaptability to terrain, no or less land, little interference from external conditions, high degree of automation, and reliable technology.

The concentrator will be built underground. After underground beneficiation, direct transport of concentrate to the ground can greatly reduce the amount of waste rock lifting, which is an important way to solve the problem of lifting. At the same time, waste rock and tailings are left underground for gob filling, to achieve in-situ utilization, and reduce the pollution and damage to the ecological environment after discharge from the ground, which is an important means to realize waste free mining. Moreover, there is no concentrator and tailings pond on the ground, saving the cost of land acquisition for the construction of tailings pond and tailings pond management, and playing a multi-purpose role.

Fourth, mining technology change

7, no waste mining technology

The goal of waste free mining is to minimize the output and discharge of waste, improve the comprehensive utilization rate of resources, and reduce or eliminate the negative impact of mineral resource development.

Therefore, mining activities should follow the view of industrial ecology, connect the mine ecological environment, resource environment and economic environment, obtain the maximum amount of resources and economic benefits with the minimum emission, and make the ecological environment fully protected.

In order to realize waste free mining, it is necessary to adopt a small mining method, reduce the ore dilution rate, minimize the waste output, and control the waste rock yield from the source.

At the same time, it is necessary to improve the technical level of mineral processing, improve the recovery rate of mineral processing, the comprehensive utilization degree and utilization rate of resources as much as possible, and reduce the discharge of tailings; Develop innovative beneficiation technology and equipment to minimize the unusable components in ore resources due to the low level of beneficiation.

Through underground preselection, the selection plant is built in the underground and other methods, so that waste rock and tailings do not go out of the well, used to backfill the goaf, to realize the effective use of mining waste in situ.

Strengthen comprehensive recycling, realize the recycling of waste, improve the overall utilization level of waste, and strive to achieve zero discharge and zero storage of mine solid waste.