How to do mine ecological restoration?

- Combine with the construction of industrial parks to promote urban transformation and development. Xihuayuan District of Zhangjiakou has combined the renovation of more than 1,000 hectares of abandoned mining land with the planning of Yubelt Mountain industrial Agglomeration area, and has added 164 hectares of construction land to expand the urban development space by taking a series of measures such as eliminating hidden hazards of geological disasters, land consolidation, vegetation restoration and supporting municipal facilities.

-- Developing ecological agriculture in conjunction with land reclamation. In Zaozhuang, Shandong province, the method of "leveling" and "digging deep and shallow" has been adopted to control the subsidence land of coal mining, restoring more than 3,000 hectares of cultivated land and building and transforming about 80 hectares of ponds, forming a diversified agricultural production pattern of planting, breeding and processing of agricultural products.

-- Combining with geological disaster prevention and control to improve urban security capabilities. Dongchuan District of Kunming City is a highly prone area for debris flow disasters in China, and the geological environment has suffered serious damage due to more than 3,000 years of copper mining and smelting history. There are 300 hidden points of geological disasters in the district, and more than 100 disastrous debris flow gullies, threatening more than 36,000 people. By carrying out ecological restoration, construction of debris flow drainage and other measures to comprehensive treatment, greatly reduce the risk of urban disaster.

Different restoration methods are adopted in different types of mines

According to different kinds of mines, the geological environment Monitoring Institute of China Geological Survey adopts different restoration methods. At present, the ecological restoration methods of mines are mainly divided into energy mine ecological restoration methods, metal mine ecological restoration methods and non-metal mine ecological restoration methods.

-- Ecological restoration methods for energy mines. First of all, focus on strengthening the restoration of geological disasters such as ground collapse and ground cracks caused by coal and other energy and mineral mining. In densely populated energy mining areas, priority should be given to engineering measures, such as using coal gangue, tailings and other backfilling to control ground collapse and ground cracks, leveling the land after the ground has reached a stable state, carrying out land reclamation according to local conditions, comprehensively utilizing guest soil and original soil, selecting pioneer native plants and shrub species, implementing the mining area greening project, restoring surface vegetation, and reshaping topographic and geomorphic landscape. Gradually carry out ecological reconstruction in subsidence areas, open-pit stopes, waste dumps, tailings areas and soil erosion areas; In sparsely populated energy mining areas, priority should be given to natural restoration measures to gradually achieve natural greening. Secondly, the problem of water imbalance in mining area caused by mine drainage groundwater should be prevented to avoid excessive groundwater loss. Engineering measures such as anti-seepage curtain are taken to seal the aquifer around the damage site of the top and bottom of the aquifer, and gradually restore the function of the aquifer.

-- Ecological restoration methods for metal mines. In metal mining areas, the emphasis should be placed on the remediation of soil and water environmental pollution caused by the unreasonable stacking of mining waste slag and tailings, the geological disasters of debris flow and the heavy metal harmful substances in waste water and slag. Firstly, engineering measures should be taken to regulate waste slag, waste rock and tailings pile, strengthen the stability of stope slope and waste slag pile, prevent soil erosion, rebuild landform landscape, and carry out early warning and prevention of geological disasters such as debris flow in densely populated areas to eliminate hidden dangers of geological disasters. Secondly, the use of physical, chemical and biological means to control soil and water heavy metal pollution to prevent pollution from spreading to the surrounding areas through rain, wind and other weather.

-- Ecological restoration methods for non-metal mines. In non-metallic mining areas, emphasis should be placed on the remediation of ecological environmental problems such as mountain damage, landscape damage, landslide and ground collapse. First of all, the comprehensive use of slope cutting, unloading, wall building, continuous slope and other engineering means to carry out comprehensive regulation of open-pit mines, to eliminate the potential hazards of landslides and other geological disasters; Strengthen the comprehensive treatment and utilization of solid wastes such as waste rock, waste slag and tailings, and reduce the damage to land resources occupation; At the same time, combined with ecological reclamation, the damaged mountain greening project was carried out to restore the surface vegetation and reshape the topography and geomorphic landscape. Secondly, in densely populated non-metallic mining areas, solid waste such as waste rock, waste slag and tailings is used to backfill underground goaf and ground cracks to prevent and control mine geological disasters such as ground collapse.