Mine environmental treatment method and ecological restoration technology

4. Soil erosion intensifies

In the process of mining, the surface vegetation will be destroyed directly due to the excavation of open pit and the extraction and drainage of underground water. Then the groundwater level in the mining area is greatly reduced, and a large area of artificial bare land is gradually formed. At this time, if there is a large area of rainfall, it will accelerate the flow of surface water under the action of mine ground fluctuation and grooves, and finally promote the intensification of soil erosion.

3. Influencing factors of mine environmental management and ecological restoration

3.1 Soil factors

Soil is the prerequisite for the normal operation of mine environmental management and ecological restoration, and is also the key factor for the survival and growth of vegetation on the surface of the lithosphere. It can not only provide the mineral elements and water required for the survival and growth of vegetation, but also provide carriers for the mutual operation of biological parts and inorganic environments in the ecosystem. In this case, the pH value in the soil, soil structure, parent material, nutritional status and other factors directly affect the effect of mine environmental management and ecological restoration.

3.2

Light intensity

Light intensity is the main energy provider of vegetation photosynthesis in mining area. According to the difference of light intensity, the environmental management personnel of mining area can choose the appropriate ecological restoration vegetation types, such as shade-tolerant plants, positive plants, etc., to ensure the ecological restoration effect.

Temperature can affect vegetation growth activity through two channels: air temperature and ground temperature. The activity of vegetation growth directly affects the efficiency of environmental management and ecological restoration in mining areas.

Water is the key factor for the normal survival and growth of vegetation, and is also the main element involved in photosynthesis and respiration of vegetation. It can provide a good channel for the absorption and transport of mineral nutrients in vegetation. The water supply of vegetation also directly affects the effect of environmental management and ecological restoration in mining areas .

3.3

Temperature and moisture

Temperature can affect vegetation growth activity through two channels: air temperature and ground temperature. The activity of vegetation growth directly affects the efficiency of environmental management and ecological restoration in mining areas.

Water is the key factor for the normal survival and growth of vegetation, and is also the main element involved in photosynthesis and respiration of vegetation. It can provide a good channel for the absorption and transport of mineral nutrients in vegetation. The water supply of vegetation also directly affects the effect of environmental management and ecological restoration in mining areas .

4. Typical technologies of mine environmental management and ecological restoration

4.1 Typical technologies of mine soil pollution control

4.4.1

Topsoil conversion and guest soil cover

Topsoil conversion is mainly in the early stage of mining operations, operators can first dig the surface and subsurface soil, and store in a suitable environment. At the end of mining operations in the mine area, the previously stored soil is returned to its original place. Although the above methods destroyed the preparation around the mining area to a certain extent, the overall soil physical properties, seed bank and nutritional conditions did not change greatly, which could facilitate the growth and survival of native plants in a short time.

When the soil thickness of abandoned land is insufficient after mining, the cover of guest soil is fixed in the surface soil of abandoned land after mining. In addition to improving the physical and chemical properties of the abandoned soil after mining, it can also provide good conditions for the preparation and reconstruction of the abandoned land by adding microorganisms, nitrogen and plant seeds to the guest soil.

4.1.2

Improvement of soil physical properties

The main purpose of improving the physical property of mine soil is to improve the soil porosity in mine wasteland. In the short term mining area soil physical property improvement operations, mining area environmental management personnel can use plowing, or the application of farm fertilizer to reduce soil bulk density, improve the mining area abandoned land soil structure. At the same time, for the soil environment of the mining area with poor pH, the environmental management personnel of the mining area can use quick lime or bicarbonate to adjust the pH to increase the calcium content in the soil.

4.1.3

Soil chemical properties improvement

It is a long - term project to improve the soil chemical properties of mining wasteland. Therefore, on the basis of the application of chemical fertilizers and nitrogen-fixing plants, the environmental management personnel in the mining area can adopt appropriate microorganisms to regulate and control the heavy metal pollution and organic waste pollution of the soil in the mining area.