Mine environmental treatment method and ecological restoration technology

I. Status of mine environmental management and ecological restoration

1. Overview of mine environmental management and ecological restoration

Mine environmental management and ecological restoration mainly use man-made engineering means or measures to create suitable soil environmental conditions for regional vegetation growth on the abandoned bare slope of the mine with poor vegetation restoration. At the same time, the pioneer plant community was introduced to cover the bare ground in the early stage, so as to avoid desertification and soil erosion in the mine wasteland, and lay the foundation for the formation of the target community in the later stage.

2. Status quo of mine environmental management and ecological restoration

In the course of nearly ten years of development, the mining industry in China has developed rapidly, and the mining industry has also risen in the national economy, and has achieved outstanding economic benefits. However, as the mining of mineral resources is the most large-scale human activity that changes the surface landscape and destroys the surface ecosystem, China's large-scale mining has caused great damage to the land environment in our country, prompting the sharp reduction of land resources around the mining area. At present, the total number of mines in China is more than 20*104, which is widely distributed in economically underdeveloped areas and remote areas. Due to the backward technology of small-scale mining activities and the lack of standardized management system, there is a serious waste of resources. The loss of control of the overall mine management has also exacerbated the damage of the mine to the soil. The ecological restoration rate of most mining areas in China is about 0. In this case, if small-scale mines are not effectively managed in time, the overall ecological restoration rate of mining abandoned land will be affected.

To some extent, China's mine environmental management and ecological restoration are mostly the way of ecological reconstruction. At present, the ecological reconstruction of mine in China is mainly aimed at the mined-out area, tailings site, waste site and subsidence area caused by mining activities. The main ecological reconstruction methods in the goaf of open-pit mining mines are natural vegetation restoration and artificial vegetation restoration. In combination with water storage reconstruction, deep digging technology and agriculture and forestry reconstruction, vegetation recovery can be accelerated. The ecological reconstruction of tailings field mainly uses the way of artificial afforestation, through the ecological reconstruction of gangue and subsidence area, to promote the ecological restoration. The main technologies used in the ecological reconstruction of the dump include soil vegetation restoration, soil stabilization and vegetation species screening and allocation. The ecological reconstruction of subsidence area is mainly based on the development direction of mining subsidence area after reconstruction, comprehensive consideration of agriculture, aquaculture, construction and other factors, to formulate the corresponding ecological reconstruction plan.

Ii. Mine environmental management and ecological restoration ecological environmental effects

1. Hydrogeological changes and regional water pollution

In the process of mining, the occurrence of problems such as mine drainage, mine cracks and collapse will directly affect the change of underground water storage structure of mining module, and then lead to the decline of groundwater level, the emergence of large area of dredging funnel, surface runoff change and other problems. In addition, the discharge of industrial wastewater such as pit water and wastewater leaching water during the mining stage has caused serious pollution to the water source around the mine .

2. Increased probability of geological disasters

The development of mining operations will inevitably lead to underground mining problems. The occurrence of underground mining problems will not only affect the stability and safety of the mountain and slope around the mine, but also aggravate the probability of ground cracking, collapse, landslide and other accidents. In addition, a large amount of waste residue discharged from mining is deposited on hillsides and gullies, and the mixing of waste rock and waste slag with soil will directly lead to the reduction of friction and water permeability of waste rock and waste slag. If there is heavy rain at this time, it will increase the probability of debris flow.

3. Soil pollution and degradation

After mining, the topsoil needs to be removed and covered with new soil or slag, and the heavy load of large mining equipment during the mining process will cause the slag or new soil to gradually harden and harden. In addition, the subsidence of mining ground and the discharge of solid waste will directly lead to cracks in the soil. With the expansion of soil cracks, soil nutrients will gradually be lost, and the toxic components in mine solid waste will directly penetrate into the soil, resulting in serious acid and base pollution, heavy metal pollution and organic toxic substances pollution.