Abandoned mines do more harm! Mine ecological restoration, so to operate

(4) Mining area restoration

The restoration of ecological environment in mining area is to restore the original landscape as the ultimate goal, and the restoration of vegetation in mining area is the most basic result of landscape restoration in mining area. However, it is far from enough to restore the vegetation in the mining area, and the following engineering measures need to be taken, and combined with the previous methods and measures, in order to achieve the goal of restoring the original mining area landscape as soon as possible.

1. Ecological restoration in mining areas

The mining technology to reduce surface subsidence should be adopted and the filling mining technology should be popularized. The subsidence area of the surface should be reduced as far as possible, and waste rock filling and topsoil covering should be adopted in the place where ground cracks have been caused, and finally the vegetation should be restored. After open-pit mining, many rock slopes with steep slope and steps with small width are formed. Therefore, when ecological restoration is carried out in the open-pit mining area, the slopes formed should be treated in different degrees. For slopes with slope slope greater than 75°, ecological environment restoration measures should be carried out under the premise of ensuring slope stability.

2. Reclamation of waste dump

To restore the ecological environment of the dump site, firstly, the slope stability should be ensured, and secondly, engineering measures should be combined with plant measures, mainly planting trees and grass. Engineering measures should be taken to deal with the slope with hidden safety risks, which mainly include the construction of barrage dam, slope cutting and grade opening, the construction of anti-slide pile, deep space prestressed anchor, long anchor reinforcement and other engineering measures. The plant species selected by the plant measures of the dump site should have strong resistance and good quality. The methods of planting trees mainly include soil pile bag, hanging net greening, planting bag, planting plate, etc. When the waste dump is restored to forest land, it should be covered with soil, the thickness should be greater than 30cm; If pit planting is used, a small amount of guest soil can be filled in the pit; General trees can be planted in the slope zone with slope less than 35°.

3. Reclamation of tailings pond

The reclamation work of tailings pond should be carried out after ensuring its complete closure and the stability of the entire engineering facilities, and the reclamation work should be adjusted according to its actual nature. Whether the tailings are acidic or alkaline, it should be deeply treated according to the utilization direction of the site. When the tailings contain radioactive and toxic substances, it should be determined whether it is necessary to set up an isolation layer according to its content level, and cover it as deep as possible; When the salt content of the tailings is large, it should be desalt treatment, or deep covering treatment. At the same time, drainage facilities should be set up around the tailings pond, and the drainage facilities must meet certain flood control standards.

4. Ecological restoration of waste discharge field

The primary task of ecological restoration of waste heap is to stabilize the slope of waste heap, which is dominated by slopes and hills. The main measures include horizontal land preparation, stabilizing slope surface and reducing the relative height of gangue hill. Before the gangue stacking, the bottom of the ditch must be flattened and tamped, and the gangue stacking shall be stacked in layers of 3m, and the width of the steps shall be greater than 3m. The stacking sequence is from gully to gully mouth, layer by layer compaction, and at the same time, slag dam and slurry stone drainage ditch are set up at the gully mouth. Diversion channels are arranged at intervals of 15m in the slope zone, and the layers are scattered and arranged in the shape of "goods". Secondly, topsoil covering is carried out in the discharge field. Finally, according to the nature of the soil and local climate conditions, the appropriate vegetation is selected for planting.

In the process of mining, a large amount of land has become abandoned land due to the loss of utilization value, such as open-pit stope, waste rock yard, tailings reservoir, subsidence area, etc. Mine restoration is to repair the pollution of abandoned mining land and realize the reuse of land resources.

Ecological restoration of abandoned mines needs to go through a long process, so it is necessary to work out a perfect treatment plan according to the actual needs of mine ecological restoration projects. For the mine ecological restoration, it is necessary to follow the principle of ecological restoration to improve the soil, vegetation, biology and other aspects, and adopt appropriate technical measures to restore the mine ecological restoration, so as to ensure the smooth progress of the mine ecological restoration project.