Reproducing green mountains and rivers to harvest Jinshan and Yinshan

Mine ecological restoration is a vivid practice of ecological civilization construction. 

Once dependent on the mountains to eat the mountains today to protect the mountains

In the golden autumn, at the project site of the fifth phase of the mining management area in the east of Sanhe, Langfang City, dozens of excavators, transport vehicles and rollers shuttle back and forth, and the sound of the machine is rumbling. The living trees and shrubs that have been planted are full of green, in sharp contrast to the bare grey soil next to them.

It is expected that by the end of this year, the city has been mined for more than 40 years, an area of 22 square kilometers of abandoned mines will be covered with green.

"Relying on the mountain to eat, one side of the soil and water to nourish one side of the people." Many years ago, Hebei, as a major mining province, had 20,000 mines when it was "high light". With rich mining resources, the people in many places in Hebei have filled the "money bag", but they have also lost the "good days" : mountain destruction, vegetation damage, river pollution, and accidents.

"We will resolutely oppose indiscriminate mining practices that lack management, are reckless and damage the environment, and resolutely shut down mines that seriously damage groundwater and the ecological environment." The provincial Party committee and the provincial government have repeatedly emphasized environmental problems in mines.

The management of mine reduction shall be implemented, and the power of examination and approval shall be received in accordance with the law. In 2018, the provincial Party Committee and the provincial government issued important documents such as the Opinions on Reforming and Improving the Mineral Resource Management System and Strengthening the Comprehensive Management of the Mine Environment to strictly control the development and utilization of mineral resources in the province and strengthen the comprehensive management of the ecological environment.

In the same year, Hebei launched a three-year combat plan for continuous pollution remediation of open-pit mines, which clearly required the use of two years to continue to stop production and remediation of 1024 certified open-pit mines that did not meet the standards. In the course of three years, a total of 2,002 (an area of 145,100 mu) responsible for the loss of mine land were comprehensively treated through restoration of greening, transformation and utilization, and natural restoration. It is planned that by the end of 2020, the comprehensive treatment rate of the responsible body's lost mine land (based on the results of the 2015 mining environment survey in Hebei Province) will reach more than 50%.

From the point to the line, from the line to the surface, the province's mining environment improvement has been strongly promoted. Zhangjiakou City put forward the construction target of "no ore city"; Chengde, Tangshan self-pressure, improve environmental standards and rectification standards, and comprehensively promote the construction of green mines; Qinhuangdao city combined with the construction of the whole region of tourism city, in-depth promotion of open-pit mine improvement, mining enterprises that fail to meet the standards to be firmly shut down.

After continuous attacks, Hebei has made remarkable achievements in mountain management and mountain protection. By the end of August this year, the number of solid mines in the province had decreased from 10,367 in 2001 to 2,186 at present. A total of 2,704 open pit mine sites, 145,000 mu of which were lost to the main greening responsibility subjects, were repaired; 58 mines in the province have been recognized as green mines by the state.

A variety of models to achieve diversification of investment

Green is the base color of mine environmental treatment and restoration.

Recently, in the Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County Maquan Town Guangcaigou village mine treatment and restoration site, I saw more than 200 meters long hillside was divided into a uniform size grid by network cable, each grid has more than 70 bags filled with soil, grass seeds and shrub seeds. The bags are surrounded by a lot of green grass, and the once bare mountain has come back to life.

This is a vegetation restoration technique for rock slopes called plant biobags. The vegetation can be restored to green in the same year, which can effectively protect the slope and dust, and the subsequent treatment effect is good.

Not only Qinhuangdao, Tangshan City is also through the greening of vegetation, to achieve environmental management and restoration of mines, and cultivate "ecological flowers". The city focuses on nature reserves, scenic spots, water source protection areas, both sides of the main traffic arteries (railways, expressways) and the surrounding built-up areas of the city (town), and coordinates the restoration and management of the historic mine land, and this year will complete the greening management task of 100 responsible bodies for the loss of mines, achieving a green area of 51,700 mu.

In fact, repairing the "injured" mountain is not easy.

According to statistics, at the end of 2015, Hebei had a total of 4330 (304,900 mu) of open-pit mine sites where the responsible subjects were lost, and the control scale was large. Due to the poor climate conditions in the north, less rain, the difficulty of soil and water conservation and vegetation growth in the mountains, coupled with the sequelae caused by unreasonable mining, it is even more difficult to control the mine environment. In addition, the mine environmental governance investment is large, relying on limited financial funds alone, it is difficult to sustain.

To solve the problem of mountain management, where is the way?

Adapt to local conditions and adopt a variety of models simultaneously

In accordance with the principle of "Yilin makes forest, appropriate tillage, appropriate grass, appropriate construction, appropriate scenery", Hebei implements one place and one policy. According to the expected effect of mine geological environment management, a variety of mine environmental management models such as mine greening, agricultural land, construction land, space reuse, leisure park, cultural landscape, mining side management, mining park are proposed. At the same time, we will further optimize the ways and methods of comprehensive management, and scientifically and effectively carry out comprehensive management of mines through measures such as restoration and greening, transformation and utilization, and natural restoration.

Policy support, increase capital investment --

In 2019, with the consent of the provincial government, Hebei set up a provincial special fund for mining geological environment governance and restoration, and provided subsidies for the restoration of lost mines by the responsible subjects included in the three-year combat plan for the continuous remediation of pollution in Hebei open-pit mines. At the beginning of each year, according to the amount of tasks of the responsible body to restore the lost mine land, the provincial subsidy funds will be timely distributed to the cities and counties.

Data show that in 2019, the provincial subsidy fund was 400 million yuan, and this year, governments at all levels invested more than 1.7 billion yuan, including 600 million yuan of provincial subsidy funds, attracting more than 1.4 billion yuan of social capital.

Innovation mechanism, stimulate market vitality --

In March this year, the "Implementation Measures of Hebei Province on Exploring the use of market-oriented ways to promote the ecological restoration of Mines" was introduced, adhering to the principle of "who destroys, who controls", "who repairs, who benefits", and clarifying support policies such as encouraging the comprehensive restoration and utilization of mining land, revitalizing the use of mining stock construction land, and rational use of abandoned mine soil and stone. Through policy incentives, the mode of market-oriented operation and scientific governance is promoted, and various market entities are guided to participate in the ecological restoration of mines. In Sanhe City, for example, the ongoing mine treatment in the city covers an area of 15.4 square kilometers and has leveraged to attract social funds of 6 billion yuan.

Harvest beautiful ecology and promote green development

Looking at the land of Yanzhao, more and more green mountains are coming back.

In September, the South Lake in Tangshan, picturesque scenery, guests like a cloud. From September 10 to 11, the fourth Tangshan Tourism Industry Development Conference with the theme of "Cultural tourism empowerment, urban renewal" was held in Nanhu Tourist scenic spot.

Once the coal mining subsidence area of Kailuan Coal Mine, it has now turned into the "golden card" of Tangshan and created a "treasure pot" for the development of local culture and tourism economy. The tourism development conference is closely combined with the development of urban cultural tourism industry and the creation of a national 5A-level tourist scenic spot in Nanhu, accelerating the construction of a batch of cultural tourism projects, aiming to build the Nanhu region into an "urban meeting room" and "new space for cultural tourism leisure", and improving the quality and expansion of the development of cultural tourism in Tangshan.

Protect the beauty of green mountains, do Jinshan Yinshan. In recent years, Chengde Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County, which has made every effort to create a national green mining development demonstration zone, has actively explored the comprehensive utilization of tail ore while strengthening mine management. In cooperation with professional institutions such as Zhongguancun Green Industry Alliance and China Building Materials Research Institute, they have researched and developed more than 10 kinds of high value-added green building materials products such as ceramite, high-quality permeable brick and insulation decoration integrated board using tail ore. They have built 19 new green building materials enterprises such as Xintongyuan, Green Standard and Dazheng, with an annual consumption of more than 15 million tons of tail ore. Achieve win-win ecological and economic benefits.

The Yanshan geological environment governance Demonstration Area, located in the north of Zhongzhai village, Xisizhuang Township, Wuan City, Handan, presents a brand new "cycle" picture.

Through scientific renovation, the project has completed a total of 710 mu of land restoration, which is used for cultivating wheat, corn and other crops, and the slope land can be planted with walnut, apple and other fruit trees. At the same time, more than 2000 beef cattle were raised by silage. The manure of beef cattle is directly used in the biogas digester, which produces more than 1,000 cubic meters of biogas for the domestic gas of nearly 1,000 villagers. Biogas slurry and biogas residue are used to restore the land after treatment, increase the fertility of the land, and the overall ecological environment enters a virtuous cycle, walking out of a road of ecological cycle development.

Ecological prosperity, then industry prosperity; The environment is beautiful, the home is beautiful. From "selling stones" to "selling scenery" and "selling culture", Hebei has explored a road for the integration and development of mining environmental management and culture, tourism, pension, planting and other industries, and a vivid picture of harmony and integration between man and nature is slowly unfolding.

The last leg of a journey marks the halfway point. Do a good job of "ecology +" article, still need to strive to move forward. On October 1, the Regulations on the Comprehensive Management of non-coal mines in Hebei Province came into effect. This is the first time that Hebei has explored the problem of restricting mine management from the legislative level. The governance of non-coal mines in the province has officially entered the track of rule of law, which also provides a strong legal guarantee for the management department to strengthen supervision.

Man does not live up to green mountains, and green mountains will live up to man. Zhou Jinzhong, secretary of the Party Group of the Provincial Department of Natural Resources, said that in the next step, the province will focus on the construction of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ecological environment support area, and strive to reduce the number of mines from the current 2,186 to more than 1,800 by 2022, and complete the management of all the remaining 1,626 open-pit mines that are responsible for the loss of the main body by the end of 2021. To make new and greater contributions to the all-round construction of a strong economic province and a beautiful Hebei in the new era.