Basic textile knowledge

"Synthetic fiber" with oil, coal and natural gas and other materials in small molecules as raw materials, synthetic polymer compounds, and then spun fibers made. Polyester fiber (polyester), polyamide fiber (nylon, nylon), polyacrylonitrile fiber (acrylic), polypropylene fiber (polypropylene), polyurethane fiber (spandex) and polyvinyl alcohol fiber (Vinylon) are commonly used synthetic fibers. The Chinese name of the synthetic fiber scientific name has a "poly" word, and the last word of the synthetic fiber trade name is "LON". Except for acrylic fiber, the English name of synthetic fiber contains the same prefix "poly-".

"Inorganic fiber" Inorganic fiber is made of natural inorganic substances or carbon-containing polymer fibers as raw materials, by artificial drawing or direct carbonization. Including glass fiber, metal fiber and carbon fiber.

4. Differences, similarities and differences in structure and properties of natural fibers, recycled fibers and synthetic fibers

Natural fibers: Natural fibers are derived from plants, animals, and minerals. The main component of plant fiber is cellulose, and contains a small amount of lignin, hemicellulose and so on. The main component of animal fiber is protein, but the chemical composition of protein is very different. Mineral fiber SiO2+, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO.

Recycled fiber: natural high polymer as raw materials made of slurry, its chemical composition is basically unchanged and high purity after purification of fiber

Synthetic fiber: oil, coal, natural gas and some agricultural and sideline products as raw materials made of monomer, chemical synthesis into polymers, spun fibers

5. How to distinguish in naming

Natural fibers: Named directly according to the source of the fiber.

Silk fiber: According to "plant name + silk" composition.

Recycled fiber: "raw material name + pulp + fiber "+ or +" raw material name + adhesive ".

Synthetic fiber: based on chemical composition, and form a scientific name and abbreviation code, supplemented by a commercial name, form a trade name or common name.

6. Identification of fibers

① Identification methods include hand feel, visual method, combustion method, microscope method, dissolution method, drug coloring method and infrared spectroscopy. In the actual identification, often need to use a variety of methods, comprehensive analysis and research after the result.

② The general identification steps are as follows:

A. First use combustion method to identify natural fibers and chemical fibers.

B. If it is a natural fiber, use a microscope to identify all types of plant fiber and animal fiber. If it is a chemical fiber, it is distinguished one by one by combining the differences in melting point, specific gravity, refractive index, and solubility of the fiber. 

C. In the identification of mixed fibers and blended yarn, it is generally possible to confirm that several fibers are contained in the microscope, and then identify one by one with the appropriate method.

For dyed or finished fibers, it is generally necessary to carry out dyeing stripping or other appropriate pretreatment to ensure reliable identification results.