Basic textile knowledge

C fiber wear resistance: fiber and its products in the process of processing and actual use, the performance of external wear. The wear resistance of fiber is closely related to the fastness of textile products. Wear resistance is an important index of wear performance of clothing fabric. The wear resistance of fiber is related to the macromolecular structure, supramolecular structure, elongation at break and elasticity of fiber. The order of the wear resistance of common fibers is as follows: + polyamide > polypropylene > Vinylon > ethylene > Polyester > Acrylic > Chlorine > Wool > silk > Cotton > hemp > rich fiber > copper ammonia fiber > viscose fiber > acetate fiber > Glass fiber.

D hygroscopic properties: Textile fibers placed in the air, will continue to exchange water vapor with the air, textile fibers in the absorption or release of water vapor performance called fiber hygroscopic. The hygroscopicity of textile fiber is one of the important physical properties of textile fiber. The size of textile fiber hygroscopicity has a certain impact on the shape size, weight, physical and mechanical properties of textile fiber, which also affects its processing and use performance. The moisture absorption capacity of textile fiber also directly affects the wearing comfort of the fabric. The fiber with large moisture absorption capacity is easy to absorb the sweat discharged by the human body, regulate the body temperature, and relieve the sense of dampness, thus making people feel comfortable.

In the common textile fibers, wool, hemp, viscotic fiber, silk, cotton and other moisture absorption ability is strong, synthetic fiber moisture absorption ability is generally poor, of which vinylon and nylon moisture absorption ability is slightly better, acrylic fiber is worse, polyester is worse, polypropylene and chlorine fiber is almost no moisture absorption. At present, synthetic fibers with poor hygroscopic ability are often blended with natural fibers or viscose fibers with strong hygroscopic ability to improve the hygroscopic ability of fabrics.

In the hygroscopic properties of fibers, in addition to hygroscopic properties, the water absorption of fiber materials is also closely related to the wearing comfort of fabrics. The water absorption of fiber refers to the fiber's ability to absorb liquid water. The water vapor and sweat generated by people during activities mainly rely on the moisture absorption and water absorption properties of the fabric to absorb and radiate outwardly, so that people feel comfortable. Generally speaking, the coat is mainly soaked by rain, so the fiber with small water absorption can be selected as the coat material; Underwear is mainly soaked by the body's inexplicit evaporation and sweating, so it is necessary to choose fiber with large moisture absorption and water absorption as underwear materials.

3. There are many types of textile fibers, which are traditionally divided into natural fibers and chemical fibers according to their sources.

Natural fibre

Chemical fibre

Natural fiber is derived from natural or artificially cultivated plants, artificially raised animals directly obtained for textile fibers, is an important source of materials in the textile industry. The production of natural fibers worldwide is large and increasing, and is an important source of materials for the textile industry. Despite the rapid growth of synthetic fiber production since the middle of the 20th century, natural fibers still account for a large proportion of the total annual output of textile fibers.

Natural fiber can be divided into "plant fiber", "animal fiber" and "mineral fiber" according to the source.

The chemical composition of "plant fiber" is mainly cellulose, also known as natural cellulose fiber. It is the fiber obtained from seeds, fruits, stems, leaves, etc., on plants. According to the different parts of the plant, it is divided into seed fiber, bast fiber, leaf fiber and fruit fiber.

The chemical composition of "animal fiber" is mainly protein, so it is also called natural protein fiber, which is divided into two categories of hair and glandular secretions. Among them, wool, cashmere, rabbit hair, mohair, camel hair, camel hair, yak hair, alpaca hair and vicuna hair are hair animal fibers, and mulberry silk and tussah silk are glandular secretions animal fibers.

"Mineral fiber" is mainly asbestos, and its composition is mainly inorganic silicates. It is an important building material and can also be used for textile applications.

Chemical fiber is a kind of fiber with textile properties, which is made from natural polymer or synthetic polymer, through preparation of spinning stock, spinning and post-treatment. Chemical fibers can be divided into "recycled fibers" (man-made fibers), "synthetic fibers" and "inorganic fibers" according to the source of polymers.

"Recycled fiber" The production of recycled fiber is inspired by the silk spinning of silkworms, using natural polymer compounds such as cellulose and protein as raw materials, through chemical processing to make polymer concentrated solution, and then spinning and post-processing to make textile fibers. Natural polymers (such as wood, cotton, soybean, etc.) as raw materials, by spinning processing made of fiber. Also known as artificial fiber. Viscose fiber, rich fiber, copper ammonia fiber and Leosse fiber are all regenerated cellulose fibers. Soybean fiber, milk fiber and corn fiber are all regenerated protein fiber.