Study on ecological restoration status and treatment countermeasures of abandoned mines left over from history

In accordance with the differences in the types and mining methods of mines under different natural conditions, the state formulates standardized and serialized restoration standards and treatment technical norms to improve operability, enforce implementation, raise the level of mine treatment, and reduce the number of mines that do not meet the treatment standards. Strengthen the basic theoretical research of mine ecological restoration, improve the level of scientific and technological support, and reduce the application cost. At present, ecological restoration technology is mainly based on physical restoration, chemical restoration, biological restoration and joint restoration. Single restoration technology often cannot meet the needs of mine ecological restoration, and joint restoration technology will be more and more applied to mine restoration. Under the premise of ensuring the treatment of geological environment and the elimination of heavy metals and other major pollution, the mine restoration can improve the survival rate of vegetation, achieve the reconstruction of biodiversity and the restoration of regional ecological functions.

Step 3: Advice

3.1 Coordination mechanism of mine comprehensive treatment work

There are many fields and departments involved in the mine restoration and treatment project, and the corresponding work has been carried out with the focus on the restoration project and certain progress has been made, but there are still problems such as the overlapping responsibilities of various departments and the inconsistency of rights and functions. Therefore, the local government should set up a comprehensive mine management office, identify the member units, formulate working rules such as cooperation, consultation and information sharing, and transmit responsibility pressure at various levels to ensure that the mine restoration and management work is carried out effectively and orderly.

3.2 Improving laws and regulations

There are relatively few laws and regulations related to mine ecological restoration. The Mineral Resources Law is mainly aimed at exploration and mining, and does not deal with mine rehabilitation and pollution control. Although the Regulations on the Protection of Mine Geological Environment put forward relevant requirements for the restoration and protection of mine environment, many regulations have not been fully implemented. The relevant laws on mineral resources need to be further improved, the link of mine restoration and treatment should be set up, the original "protection provisions" should be upgraded to the level of regulations or legal provisions, and the environmental legal provisions should be coordinated to form a collaborative legal support system.

3.3 Detailed inspection and assessment of abandoned mine conditions

In the ongoing national verification of historical mines, the national database and inventory list of historical mines established only include the mine name, location, mineral species, map spot number, central point coordinates, area and other elements, with little information. On the basis of the catalog list, detailed investigation and environmental risk assessment of mining methods, land ownership, environmental problems, impact scope, ecological restoration budget and other projects should be carried out, and a series of software such as mine status distribution map and management progress map should be made to help managers timely grasp the mine overview and restoration progress, and carry out overall planning and management.

3.4 Ecological and Environmental supervision

The ecological environment inspector found that some historical mines were included in the local management plan and carried out management, and there were phenomena such as surface management and restoration measures were not strong. Environmental inspectors should set up special actions for mine restoration, investigate all mines using drone technology, and compare with historical images to strengthen ecological environmental supervision, effectively inhibit and eliminate the phenomenon of "grasping the economy, not grasping the environmental protection" of local governments and departments. Strengthen cooperation between mineral law enforcement inspectors and ecological environment inspectors, and transfer major ecological environmental damage problems found in mineral law enforcement to ecological environment inspectors for treatment.

3.5 Tracking and monitoring after ecological restoration

It is necessary to formulate guidelines for tracking and evaluating the effects of ecological restoration within the corresponding period after treatment, strengthen the maintenance, monitoring and management of the legacy mines after treatment, and incorporate them into the national ecological environment and geological environment monitoring network to form a systematic and long-term monitoring system and supervision mechanism.

3.6 Special laboratory of mine restoration engineering

Treatment work is a multi-disciplinary and multi-professional system engineering involving geology, mining, agriculture and forestry, environmental protection, etc. Mine restoration technology is not mature and perfect, lack of professional engineering research institutions, the existing technology can not meet the needs of restoration. To strengthen the theoretical research and technological research and development in the restoration of ecological functions of mines, and improve the level of science and technology, it is necessary to establish a special laboratory of mine restoration engineering combining production, learning, research and application, and establish the research and development and promotion of key technologies in small, pilot and large-scale practice.