The geological environment of mine is deteriorating constantly, and disasters and accidents occur frequently

Such disasters often occur instantaneously, but the results are more harmful, such as mine landslides, often destroy the minerals, resulting in a large number of casualties, great harm.

6. Mine engineering disaster

Irrational mining means and off-hand mining methods often lead to underground engineering disasters, such as cave-in, roof fall, sideway, bottom heave, rock burst and so on.

These disasters are due to the crustal stress changes in the rock and soil layer in the mine and mine, resulting in the sudden release of rock and soil stress, resulting in a large number of rocks and debris, and sudden advance into the mine, which brings harm to the mine mining, endangers the safety of miners and causes property losses.

For example, rock burst in the pit is because the surrounding and top and bottom wall rocks of the mine are subjected to huge rock ring stress. Once the mining surface cannot maintain balance, the rock ring stress may be suddenly released, resulting in rock rupture and burst, and a large number of jets and explosions into the pit, thus bringing devastating disasters to the mine.

7. Water table variation disaster

In the process of mining, deep mining sometimes destroys the structural stability of groundwater free shallow water layer or laminated aquifer, and then causes the change of groundwater level and mine geological environment, resulting in disastrous consequences.

8, the mine water gushing water

Water inrush and water gushing are one of the most common mine disasters. Due to the rapid change of the water table in a short time, the mine suddenly flooded. This kind of mine geological disaster is sudden and large scale, resulting in very serious consequences.

In the mining process, due to the insufficient estimation of the discharge rate of the inflow of water in the mine, the mining process often penetrates the water-separating fault, or suddenly encounters the water storage cave and underground river, resulting in a large influx of groundwater, resulting in the flood of pits and Wells, resulting in casualties or other serious catastrophic consequences.

Sand gushing in the pit is the associated disaster of water inrush in the mine. When the aquifer or karst cave rich in sediment is encountered in the mining process, the water barrier layer is broken, and the sediment and rock debris rush into the mine together with the water, resulting in slurry gushing disaster.

Other permeable faults and wet beds often leak into the pit because of the dislocation of the fault and the inclusion of sediment. The result is that the mine is blocked by mud, and the equipment and mining personnel are buried by sand, resulting in disastrous consequences for the mine.

9. Disaster of tail warehouse and field warehouse

The mining of many mines is accompanied by the existence of mines and tailings ponds. The instability of the reservoir is mainly due to the huge damage caused by the debris flow after the tailings dam can not withstand the pressure.

The dam break of tailing reservoir often occurs because of the increasing pressure on the stability of the dam body, or because of the overflow of waste ore liquid and the dam body piping. Tailings break the levee brings immeasurable disastrous consequences to the production and life of the people in the mining area, but also causes pollution and long-term harm to the local soil and water environment.

Second, mine geological disaster prevention measures

Due to the characteristics of time and space and the occurrence conditions of geological disasters in mines, with the gradual application of geological exploration means in mines, effective prevention and control measures should be taken according to different environments to prevent or monitor and warn the occurrence of geological disasters in mines and reduce casualties and property losses.

(1) Establish and improve pre-mining risk assessment and environmental assessment, and formulate policies, regulations and planning systems for environmental protection and restoration management. Strict evaluation before mining.

(2) Strengthen publicity, popularize the knowledge of mine geological disaster prevention and control, improve the quality of mining personnel, and enhance their sense of crisis and alertness to geological disasters. Improve the skills and means of disaster prevention and mitigation of all personnel in the process of mine production, and strengthen the training of mine geological disaster prevention, avoidance and rescue.

(3) Apply advanced information and geophysical exploration means to closely monitor mine geology, implement real-time monitoring and dynamic monitoring of potential disasters that may occur, establish a mine geological disaster monitoring system, realize a dynamic tracking and management system of mine geology and environmental ecology, and avoid major personnel and property losses.

(4) Strengthen the design of mine and mine slope, conduct slope monitoring, strengthen the retaining wall to stabilize the geological structure of the slope, if there is cracking and deformation after excavation, timely geological investigation, and take preventive measures. Reasonable construction of tailings dam, the formation of a stable mine and tailings reservoir, reduce the risk of landslide and collapse.