The main sources and prevention measures of dust pollution in mine operation

With the rapid development of our economy, the consumption of metal mine resources is increasing day by day. In order to meet the growing demand of the whole society for mineral resources, the mining intensity and depth of metal mines are increasing. It seriously threatens the safety production of enterprises and the health of front-line workers, so the treatment of dust pollution in metal mines is urgent.

Dust causes disease

Pneumoconiosis is the main form of metal mine dust harm to the human body, with China's accession to the WTO, the economic development is relatively rapid, the demand for minerals gradually increased, the rapid development of economy, promote the gradual increase in the production of mineral resources, making the number of pneumoconiosis patients surge. In the face of the increasing number of occupational diseases, especially pneumoconiosis, the harm of occupational diseases has been widely concerned by the whole society. According to the figure above, it can be judged that in the next few years, pneumoconiosis will remain the most harmful occupational disease in China. Therefore, the prevention and occurrence of dust from the root is the wish of all our miners.

In order to control the impact of dust pollution, many experts have continuously explored and practiced the mine dust pollution control technology, formed a variety of prevention and control technology, in order to further improve the mine dust pollution control technology, we will carry out the following discussion.

Dust source analysis

(1) Dust analysis of drilling operation. When drilling in metal mine stope, roadway and other places, the high-speed rotating rock drill is crushed and produces a large amount of dust, the dust is blown out under the action of wind flow, the large particle size dust is gradually settled by gravity, and the small particle size dust is diffused near the working face after discharge.

(2) Analysis of dust production in blasting operations. For metal mines, most of the dust is produced during blasting operations. The explosive energy makes the dust after crushing the ore refined and decomposed under the action of shock wave, forming the dust particles with high dispersion.

(3) Dust production analysis of loading operation. In the process of loading and transferring the ore produced after blasting, the dust of the slag pile, rock wall and the surface is raised again due to the shovel loading, tipping bucket and truck transportation, and the settled small particles of dust float in the air again, causing secondary pollution effect.

(4) Dust production analysis during ore unloading. In the process of ore unloading, due to the existence of the drop, the ore collides and breaks with each other during the falling process, resulting in new dust and impact air, which will raise the mineral dust with small particle size and light weight.

(5) Dust production analysis of transportation operations. Under the action of the transport truck load, the soil of the transport road of the metal mine is broken to form soft dust, and the dust is flown away from the road under the action of induced air flow.

The amount of dust produced in the process of mining and transportation of metal mines is large, and the influence of dust is wide. In order to reduce dust pollution and reduce dust generation from the perspective of dust sources, dust capture and early warning analysis around key dust sources can effectively control dust transmission and improve dust removal efficiency.

Methods of dust pollution control

Ventilation dust removal

Ventilation and dust removal in metal mines can provide fresh air flow for the staff in the working area, and at the same time dilute the dust generated during the operation, which is an important measure to prevent excessive accumulation of dust and ensure a good working environment.

Clean air flow

Air flow purification refers to the technology of capturing mineral dust in the air flow containing dust in the roadway through certain equipment or devices, so that the air flow can be purified. At present, the air flow purification technology commonly used in metal mines in China includes water curtain for dust separation (FIG. 6). Dust-proof water curtain is installed on the top and two sides of the roadway to achieve the purpose of purifying the dust-containing air flow.

Spray dust removal

Spray dust removal refers to the method and technology of dispersing water into droplets and spraying them to the dust source to inhibit and capture dust. There are two kinds of spray, water spray and gas-water spray. Gas-water spray has the advantages of good atomization effect, small water consumption and high dust removal rate, and is widely used in metal mines.

In the existing dust removal methods, these are the most practical and common technical means. Because different dust removal methods have corresponding scope of application and places, it is difficult to obtain better dust control effect by using a single dust removal method in the field. Therefore, according to the characteristics of different dust sources, the establishment of automatic environmental monitoring system with automated means is the main development direction of dust treatment technology in metal mines in the future.