Research on innovation and development strategy of green metallurgy

Over the past 30 years, China's non-ferrous metal production has shown a rapid growth trend (see Figure 2) [3], and it is predicted that the next 15 years will continue to maintain stable growth, the overall performance is "high before stable". In 2020, CO2 emissions from the non-ferrous metal industry will account for 4.7% of the total national emissions [4], among which electrolytic aluminum will account for about 64.6% of the total emissions from the non-ferrous metal industry, which will be an important aspect of the non-ferrous metal industry to achieve carbon peak. Several Opinions of the National Development and Reform Commission and other Departments on Strict Energy Efficiency Constraints to Promote Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction in Key Areas (2020) requires to promote the green and low-carbon transformation of key industries such as electrolytic aluminum [5]. After the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality is proposed, it is necessary to continue to maintain the upper limit of electrolytic aluminum production capacity (4.5×107 t), strictly control the new copper, lead and zinc smelting capacity, increase the proportion of clean energy use, expand the utilization of renewable non-ferrous metals, and strive to achieve carbon peak in the whole industry in advance. Develop and apply green carbon reduction technology, and strive to reduce carbon at a good speed after the carbon peak.

(2) The development of the metallurgical industry under the domestic and international dual-cycle industrial policy

China's steel production adheres to the domestic cycle, and the proportion of steel exports in 2019 is only 6.6%, the lowest proportion of exports in countries with crude steel production exceeding 2×107 t. Under the background of emphasizing the domestic and international double cycle, the pattern change of the steel industry in the future is mainly reflected in the formation of a new domestic supply and demand balance and the expansion of new external demand markets. At the same time, under the guidance of the "Belt and Road" initiative, China's steel enterprises continue to improve the level of internationalization, aiming to achieve higher quality open cooperation.

In the non-ferrous metals industry, the internal cycle will continue to expand the domestic consumption of non-ferrous metals, and the external cycle will ensure the security of supply through the international market, in order to accelerate the formation of a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycle promoting each other.

(3) The development of the metallurgical industry under the background of supply-side structural reform

After the requirements of the national supply-side structural reform were put forward, the business model of the steel industry actively carried out a comprehensive upgrade, the equipment level and product structure have moved towards the world's advanced ranks, supporting China to become the manufacturing center, consumption center, research and development center, and investment center of the world steel industry. For example, smelting steel types (including superalloy, precision alloy) more than 1,000, can roll, processing more than 40,000 varieties of specifications of steel; Of the 22 categories of steel products, 19 categories have a self-sufficiency rate of more than 100% (the other 3 categories exceed 98.8%). During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, supply-side structural reform is still the main line of the development of the steel industry, and the focus has shifted to high-end product types and the improvement of key environmental protection technologies.

Under the background of supply-side structural reform, the momentum of rapid growth of some non-ferrous metal smelting capacity has been curbed; The supply side is suppressed, and new demand space will be opened, resulting in the domestic supply and demand gap may gradually expand. The non-ferrous metal industry will accelerate the intelligent transformation process, maintain the momentum of high-end, green, low-carbon and safe development, and enhance the high-end supply capacity of new non-ferrous metal materials; Expand the domestic market, and constantly improve the quality and efficiency of the development of non-ferrous metals industry.

Third, domestic and foreign metallurgical resources development and utilization status and development trend

(1) Current situation and development trend of iron and steel resources

The world's iron ore reserves are relatively rich, concentrated in Australia, Brazil, Russia and China, and the total reserves account for about 70%. However, 98% of our ore is poor (iron content is only 35%), which is significantly lower than the rich ore level of the other three countries (iron content is about 64%). In addition, the Simandu Iron mine in Guinea is the opencast hematite resource with the largest reserves and highest quality among undeveloped iron ore resources in the world. The reasonable inferred iron ore reserves exceed 2.25×109 t, the potential total amount can reach 5×109 t, and the overall grade is about 66%~67% [6].