The construction of green mines and the development of green mining is the only way for China's mining industry to achieve high-quality development

And land reclamation biotechnology is mainly forest and grass planting. In the selection of tree species and grass species, it is necessary to consider the drought resistance, cold resistance, barren resistance, growth and development speed and certain soil improvement effect of tree species and grass species according to the local natural climate conditions and rock and soil composition. The existence of earthworms can improve the soil structure, increase the ability of soil to retain water and fertilizer, and can also apply mycorrhiza, enzymes and other microorganisms to improve abandoned land. In reclamation areas with good ecological environment, emphasis should be placed on the adoption of biotechnology, the protection of pre-harvest habitat and the restoration of post-harvest habitat. More attention should be paid to the protection of habitat in the fragile area of ecological environment, and more attention should be paid to the ecological benefits to improve the ecological environment in the mining area when the reclamation work is carried out after harvest.

When it comes to the integrated technology of environmental remediation and ecological restoration, CAI Meifeng believes that ecological restoration takes pollution control, ecological value, biodiversity, environmental benefits, landscape improvement and other objectives and evaluation indicators. The main technologies are:

01. Contaminated soil treatment technology

It mainly includes physical, chemical and biological repair techniques. Physical restoration includes filling method, soil change method, guest soil method and deep ploughing method. Chemical remediation changes soil properties by adding chemicals; Bioremediation uses microorganisms and plants to remove harmful pollutants from the soil.

02. Land remediation and rehabilitation technology

The topsoil stripped in the mining area at the initial stage, including the topsoil of cultivated land, can be used for the restoration of the mining area in addition to filling the surface holes formed by mining in the environmental remediation after mining. According to different conditions, measures of land regulation and soil cover should be taken to restore the function of cultivated land.

03. Water balance system protection technology

Adopt water-retaining mining technology to avoid and prevent damage to aquifer effectively; Optimize the design of borehole engineering, do not place borehole engineering in the aquifer or reduce the amount of engineering through the aquifer to reduce the damage to the aquifer.

04. Wastewater treatment technology

Including physical law, chemical law and biological law three. There are two physical methods: adsorption and membrane separation. The adsorption method is mainly used for the advanced treatment of wastewater and water treatment. The traditional adsorbents include activated carbon and sulfonated coal, and the newly developed ones include diatomite, bentonite and chitosan and its derivatives. Membrane separation method is mainly used to remove nickel, copper, zinc, lead and other metal ions in wastewater. The chemical method includes the chemical neutralization method and the chemical oxidation method. The neutralization method makes the heavy metal ions in the wastewater form hydroxide precipitate and separate from the water through the neutralization agent. The oxidation method converts the liquid or gaseous inorganic matter and organic matter into a slightly toxic and non-toxic substance through chemical oxidation to meet the standards of wastewater discharge. Biological processes use microorganisms to separate and remove heavy metal ions from water bodies.

05. Vegetation restoration techniques

According to the local conditions, the selection of strong root and tiller, rapid growth, drought and barren tolerant trees, mainly to protect the existing vegetation, afforestation, afforestation and grassland ecological construction; For the abandoned mining face and the dumped soil and slag surface, 20-50 cm of soil should be covered before vegetation restoration.

3. Ecological progress must be placed at the top of the overall development agenda

Green mine is an important practice for China's mining industry to implement the concept of ecological civilization and promote the construction of ecological civilization. CAI Meifeng said that green development is the lifeblood to ensure the sustainable development of the mining industry, and it is also the model to ensure that a beautiful China is built in the middle of this century and the country allows mining development. This is the rigid constraint and untouchable high-voltage line of the ecological environment protection system in the new era.

"The rational use of resources and the protection of the environment are the inevitable requirements for the sustainable development of mining industry. The sustainable development of the mining industry can only be achieved by adopting a circular economy based on the most efficient use of natural resources and the protection of the environment." CAI Meifeng said that the ecological environment is the foundation of human survival and development. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China identified "the contradiction between the people's ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development" as the principal contradiction in our society at present. With the continuous development of social economy, the people's need for a beautiful ecological environment has increasingly become the main aspect of this contradiction. Therefore, the construction of ecological civilization must be placed at a high position in the overall development.