The construction of green mines and the development of green mining is the only way for China's mining industry to achieve high-quality development

The accumulation of solid waste occupies a large amount of land and destroys forests, vegetation and landforms; The disordered discharge of waste rock and tailings will clog up river channels and pollute water bodies, which will do great harm to mine ecological environment and human health and survival. Therefore, it is of great significance for environmental protection to realize large-scale resource utilization of waste, digest and dispose of accumulated waste, and greatly reduce future emissions and storage. "As far as possible, we can recycle and effectively use the waste that is inevitably generated in situ. For example, in underground mines, the waste rock generated by mining and the tailings generated by beneficiation are used to fill the underground goaf, which will play an important role in maintaining the stability and safety of the underground stope, while avoiding and controlling the pollution and harm caused by waste discharge to the environment and ecology."

"Mine and surrounding environmental pollution and ecological damage caused by mineral resources development, the traditional mining model adopts the method of end-treatment, which has a large workload and poor effect." To this end, it is necessary to carry out activities to protect the ecological environment of mines, such as land reclamation, afforestation and prevention of soil erosion, in parallel with mining. If the ecological environment is seriously damaged after the mining is finished, the cost will be too high and the effect of restoring the natural ecological environment will not be achieved." CAI Meifeng said.

2. Mine ecological environment protection and restoration must be carried out simultaneously

Before mining, the possible impact and damage to the environment and ecosystem caused by mining excavation should be fully assessed, including the surface natural and ecological environment system, vegetation system, hydrological system, building facilities, etc. It is necessary to avoid the possible influence and damage through scientific design, and protect the natural and ecological environment of the mining area from the source.

CAI Meifeng pointed out that the open-pit mining should always put the stability maintenance of stope and dump slope in the most important position, and take effective monitoring and control measures to avoid the occurrence of slope landslide, tipping, collapse, debris flow and other disasters. These accidents will cause devastating damage to the natural ecological environment, vegetation, building facilities and people's living environment. In the process of underground mining, it is necessary to use filling method and other means to deal with the goaf well, effectively monitor and control the mine pressure activity, and avoid the occurrence of serious environmental damage disasters such as roof collapse, roof collapse, surface subsidence and breaking through caused by the existence and instability of goaf.

"Open-pit mining has a large impact on the environment and can cause many types of disasters. From the perspective of environmental protection and ecology, open-pit mining should be changed to underground mining as much as possible." CAI Meifeng said.

Land reclamation is the main measure of mine ecological restoration, which serves the two goals of environmental remediation and agricultural land protection and restoration.

CAI Meifeng said that land reclamation technology can be mainly divided into physical engineering technology, chemical technology and biotechnology three categories. Physical engineering technology is the main means of mine environment and land regulation. Including: surface shaping engineering. Some measures such as filling, backfilling, stacking and leveling are adopted to sort out and repair the terrain and landform of the reclaimed land, so that it can meet the requirements of the natural environment of the mining area and the use of the reclaimed land. Dig deep and pad shallow works. The large area of local water subsidence is dug deep for fish farming, lotus root planting, etc., and the excavated soil is used to pad the small area of subsidence to form agricultural land. The simple planting agriculture before subsidence will be transformed into ecological agriculture combining planting and breeding. Tailings reclamation project. Tailings belong to inorganic substances, do not have basic fertility, can be treated with soil covering, soil mixing and other methods for land reclamation, vegetation greening. There are also some necessary engineering measures, such as slope cutting and unloading, hanging nets and anchor rods, building retaining walls and other slope stability measures, cutting drainage to reduce soil and water loss and covering measures.

The main function of land reclamation chemical technology is to improve soil. For acidic soil, industrial wastes such as tailings and coal ash are used to reduce soil acidity. Alkaline soil or soil with high ph value, using humic acid and other substances to improve; Use organic fertilizer or inorganic fertilizer such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium to promote soil ripening and increase soil fertility; For toxic tailings and waste and contaminated land, topsoil cover is generally carried out first.