Development trend and path analysis of China's smart mine

Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the mining industry has created huge social wealth at the same time, but also faces huge challenges, there are multiple pressures such as energy, resources, and the environment, and traditional industries such as mining need to solve a series of problems such as extensive development methods, low production efficiency and energy utilization efficiency, and low utilization level of mineral resources as soon as possible, and accelerate the pace of transformation and upgrading. The mining industry needs to use modern intelligent technology to promote profound changes in the way of resource development and achieve intensive, efficient and sustainable development, and the construction of intelligent mines has become the only way to achieve high-quality development of mining.

1，Development status of intelligent mine

In the first industrial Revolution, human beings entered the steam age, and the rapid development of industry made the mining industry enter the historical stage in the real sense. At that time, the mine was mainly mined by manual mining. In the second industrial revolution, human beings entered the electric age, which put forward higher requirements for mining development, and the mechanization and automatic mining of mines became the mainstream. In the third industrial revolution, human beings have entered the era of science and technology, and the demand for mineral resources has reached an unprecedented height, while the green development concept of mining and the intelligent concept of mining have matured, and the construction of green mines and intelligent mines have been rapidly developed. With the arrival of the fourth industrial revolution (intelligent era), automation, digitalization, intelligent technology in the mining industry has been more and more common attention, mining enterprises began to carry out a lot of practice in the process of intelligent construction according to their different application goals, according to the focus of technology application can be divided into automated mine, digital mine, intelligent (intelligent) mine and so on. At present, it is generally believed that intelligent mine is a safe, efficient and intensive modern mine that realizes digital planning and design, automated operation, unmanned operation and intelligent management in geological survey, resource management, mining design, planning, mining production, mineral processing, tailings treatment and mining and beneficiation equipment.

1.1 Development status of foreign smart mines

Since the 1960s, some developed mining countries abroad began to study automation, digitization and intelligent mining technology; In the 1990s, in order to gain a competitive advantage in the mining industry, these developed mining countries began to implement intelligent mine research programs and began to develop "intelligent mine" and "unmanned mine" development plans. At present, it can realize geological modeling, three-dimensional digitization of mining process, large-scale and intelligent mining equipment, and centralized management and control by establishing mining and selection operation centers, which are mainly reflected in fewer front-line operators, high production efficiency, and fewer safety accidents. For example, the Canadian International Nickel company (Canada Nickel) has been committed to the study of automatic mining technology for a long time, and plans to achieve unmanned mining in a mine in 2050, and achieve mechanical automatic mining through satellite control of all equipment in the mine. Anglo American The latest technology system used by plc is called "future intelligent mining", which is reflected in four aspects: concentrated mine, waterless mine, modern mine, intelligent mine, etc. The future intelligent mining is more inclined to save and intensive resources and ecological environmental protection, and high-tech greatly reduces the dependence on fossil fuels and traditional energy; Kiruna Iron Ore, Sweden Mine,Sweden) has basically realized unmanned intelligent mining, in the underground operation surface in addition to seeing maintenance workers in the overhaul, almost all the control is completed by the remote computer centralized control system, the degree of automation is very high, mainly thanks to the use of large mechanical equipment, intelligent remote control system, as well as modern management system, highly automated and intelligent mine Mountain systems and equipment make mining more efficient; Rio Tinto Group (Rio Tinto's "Mine of the Future" plan, mainly around the computer control center of driverless trucks, driverless trains, automatic drilling RIGS, automatic excavators and bulldozers, the project will use more than 70 innovative technologies, including the processing plant of the digital simulation system, fully integrated automated mine and simulation system, advanced automation technology applications, leading Production analysis system, etc.

With the rapid development of digital technology, information technology and artificial intelligence technology, various countries have accelerated the innovation and promotion of intelligent technical equipment and operation management in the mining field, and the industrial supporting system has developed rapidly. Through intelligent technology and intelligent services, the intelligent mining technology system has integrated the equipment, products, processes and personnel of the mine in an unprecedented way and improved Mine safety, reduced operating costs and improved efficiency; Mine intelligent management system can connect operators, dispatchers, site managers and central control room monitoring personnel to the same platform, and realize the whole process control of mining technology through system integration, optimize the production process, and improve mining efficiency and mine safety. To provide mining enterprises with powerful Internet of Things, advanced analytics and artificial intelligence technologies to improve safety, productivity and operational efficiency, while in order to enhance the strength of mine intelligent systems, companies in the field of underground mine automation have also accelerated mergers and acquisitions.