Intelligent open-pit mine system, framework, content and target

1 Architecture

The intelligent open-pit coal mine is a complex and huge project, which is composed of security system, standard specification system, key technology, decision-making system, information foundation support system, space-time evolution support system, production equipment and link control system, production planning and construction cooperation system, and comprehensive application management and service system, as shown in Figure 13. The guarantee system, standard specification system and key technology are the guarantee of construction, the information base support system is the support of construction, the spatio-temporal evolution support system, the production equipment and production link control system, the production planning and construction cooperation system and the comprehensive application management service system are the functions of construction, and the decision system is the optimization metric of construction.

1) Security system. The guarantee system includes organizational process guarantee, policy guarantee, fund guarantee, talent guarantee, organizational guarantee, legal guarantee and other intelligent open-pit coal mine construction guarantee.

2) Standard specification system. The standard specification system includes the construction standards of each component of the smart open-pit coal mine. At present, the construction standards of the smart open-pit coal mine are not very perfect. But also like the "GB/T28181-2001 security video surveillance network system information transmission exchange control technical requirements", "smart open-pit coal mine construction Guide", "Coal industry open-pit energy-saving design code" and other standards can be used as a reference.

3) Key technologies. The key technologies of intelligent open-pit coal mine include iot sensing technology, big data analysis technology, GPS or Beidou positioning technology, network communication technology, data integration technology, spatial information technology, operation and maintenance management technology, artificial intelligence technology, etc.

4) Information basic support system. Information infrastructure support system includes perception facilities, network transmission, data warehouse, application support, high-performance computing, mass storage, information security, etc.

5) Decision-making system. The decision-making system includes the performance optimization of each system, the optimization of production links, the self-decision-making of efficiency optimization, and the accurate and fine management services.

6) Space-time evolution support system. The spatio-temporal evolution support system is mainly the application foundation support for the production of intelligent open-pit coal mine. It serves as a comprehensive support for the production design, analysis and control for the evolution management of each stage before, during and after the production of open-pit coal mine and its important time nodes.

7) Production equipment and production link control system. Production equipment and production link control system is the main application branch of intelligent open-pit coal mine production, combining production, management, self-diagnosis, equipment maintenance and safety and other factors together to form a closed-loop control system.

8) Production design and engineering construction cooperation system. Production design and engineering construction cooperation system is the main application branch of intelligent open-pit coal mine production, the organic combination of production design and engineering, mainly including the sub-objective optimization operation of the main process system of perforation, blasting, mining, transportation and discharge under the overall optimal goal of open-pit production and accurate, strict and standardized engineering construction.

9) Integrated application management service system. The integrated application management service system is the main application branch of intelligent open-pit coal mine production, which mainly includes the intelligent management of safe, efficient and green production.

The overall planning and design of intelligent open-pit coal mine is to integrate the information elements required for construction objectives, implementation objectives, knowledge system, construction system, technology application and achievement into the overall plan, which is the programmatic and route construction objectives and implementation strategy of intelligent open-pit coal mine. The overall planning and design of the smart open-pit coal mine construction of specific mines should ensure the consistency with the overall strategy of the management and production tasks of its affiliated company, design the overall framework structure of the smart open-pit coal mine, and develop the corresponding business application platform on this basis, and formulate the work content and tasks for the phased and phased implementation of the smart open-pit coal mine system project. And the specific project implementation strategy, measures, methods and plans.

2 Overall Framework

2.1 Overall framework of intelligent open-pit mine

The overall framework of smart mine is conceived according to the basic concept of smart coal mine and designed in combination with business data flow and control flow, as shown in Figure 14. It mainly consists of five parts. They are the intelligent system of surface mine foundation support, the intelligent system of surface mine spatio-temporal evolution, the intelligent system of surface mine equipment and process, the intelligent system of surface mine integrated management, and the intelligent system of surface mine production planning and project management. The overall framework of the intelligent surface mine is shown in Figure 15.

1) Open pit foundation support intelligent system. It is mainly the construction of basic hardware environment, network environment and software environment, which provides basic guarantee for the operation of the entire smart mine.

2) Intelligent system of spatio-temporal evolution of open-pit mine. It is mainly based on the data and visual model management of geology, survey, mining, etc., to provide basic scenario simulation and other applications for production planning and efficient management and control.

3) Open pit equipment and process intelligence system. It is mainly to carry out intelligent transformation and upgrading of the existing production link engineering equipment such as penetration, mining, transportation, crushing and abandonment, more accurate and efficient data collection, more effective service in production, and further improve engineering operations through the connection of various production links.

4) Open pit production planning and engineering intelligence system. It is mainly based on the spatio-temporal evolution intelligent system of open pit mine and the real-time data collection of production task instructions and monitoring terminals to further revise the production plan, so as to verify the level of project quality and improve the accurate matching of production plan and project.

5) Intelligent system for integrated open-pit management. It is mainly a comprehensive management system for safety, production, operation and management, which analyzes the production data, safety-based monitoring data and operation-based management data generated in each production link through the big data analysis platform, and carries out comprehensive management and application from the aspects of safety, efficiency, green and harmony.

2.2 Overall process design

1) When the planning department receives the production planning task, the production design department makes the production plan based on the spatio-temporal model evolution model system, and forms the production plan result data through production simulation.

2) The production plan result data will be sent to each production engineering unit according to the production plan through the open-pit integrated management system, and the engineering construction unit will carry out the engineering work according to the planned tasks and the working environment parameters obtained on site, and the data will be further collected by the sensor equipment such as working condition parameters, environmental monitoring and safety monitoring.

3) In the process of engineering equipment operation, the data acquired in real time is uploaded to the big data analysis platform, and the expert knowledge base and analysis and diagnosis model initially established are used to analyze and diagnose the current production process [18], and the diagnosis results are given, which are then transmitted to the terminal of production equipment in real time to further guide engineering operations.

4) After the completion of the production operation, the project quality is evaluated and confirmed, the quality detection data is uploaded to the data center, and the production design and project construction are compared and analyzed through the open-pit integrated management system to further optimize the production design and guide the project construction.

The above business data flow and control flow are mainly designed around the production link, based on the trend of data flow and combined with the business control flow, closed-loop management is formed through five main systems, thus forming the overall framework of the smart mine.

3 Construction Content

According to the current intelligent technology development and planning concept, the intelligent open pit mine can be planned and constructed in two phases, the intelligent system of open pit foundation support, the intelligent system of open pit spatio-temporal evolution, the intelligent system of open pit equipment and process, the intelligent system of open pit production planning and project management, and the intelligent system of open pit comprehensive management

3.1 Basic support intelligent system planning objectives:

(1) Phase I objectives

Realize the entire smart mine construction foundation to support the construction of intelligent system, provide full service for the construction of various business systems in the later stage, ensure data collection, transmission, storage, application and other work, so that production, operation and management in a standardized, green, safe and efficient environment to run well, play a role in the link between the past and the next.

1) Realize the full coverage of enterprise 4G wireless private network, carry the communication of multiple business application systems, meet the business needs of voice scheduling, video access, data transmission, equipment remote control, etc., and also adapt to the future construction and development of 5G industrial network.

2) To realize the formulation of enterprise data communication protocols and format standards.

3) Realize the basic information reserve of expert knowledge base and provide the basis of analysis model for intelligent decision-making.

4) To realize the application of big data analysis in enterprise production.

(2) Phase II objectives

Realize the deployment and application of mine 5G industrial network, so that the production of the whole mine can be carried out in a good and orderly manner under the new generation network; To realize the intelligent office environment, improve the good office environment and work efficiency of staff.

3.2 Space-time evolution intelligent system planning objectives:

(1) Phase I planning objectives

To construct, update, revise and apply a simple spatio-temporal evolution model containing the main production information of the open pit, which is used for the actual production and plan of the evolved open pit, visual display, application analysis and query of the main production information of the open pit, preparing for the intelligent management and control based on the spatio-temporal evolution model, and guiding the production semi-automatically; It can realize the automatic control of exploration and survey operations, improve the efficiency and quality of exploration and survey, and shorten the construction period of space-time evolution model.

(2) Second phase planning objectives

Realize the automatic construction, update, correction and application of fine spatio-temporal evolution model containing all production information of open pit, and realize intelligent control of production based on spatio-temporal evolution model; Realize the intelligent operation of exploration and measurement, that is, use the data generated by exploration and measurement, combined with the real-time data generated by other production links, to build a real-time space-time evolution model for intelligent control of the production of open-pit mines.

3.3 Surface mine equipment and process intelligent system planning objectives

(1) Intelligent punching equipment

The manual point lofting method is used in the actual production of most open pit mines, which has the problems of strong subjectivity and imprecise measurement points. Using manual hand-held tape measure to check the drilling quality, repetitive simple labor and low efficiency [22]; Phase I realized real-time collection of rig operation process data, realized digitization of rig operation process, realized automation of some operations, reduced repetitive simple work of field personnel, and realized efficient rig operation; The second phase realizes the remote control and automatic operation of the drilling link, realizes the scientific decision-making of the equipment, achieves the goal of fewer people on the site, and realizes the efficient operation of the rig.

(2) Wisdom of blasting equipment

At present, the best choice of open-pit blasting equipment is the on-site mixed explosive truck, which integrates transportation, production and loading, improving the mechanization and automation level of the production of loaded explosives, and the blasting equipment is developing to the direction of large-scale, information, automation and unmanned. Intelligent blasting equipment will be the development trend and technical research direction of blasting equipment in the future. Finally, the process parameter control and intelligent charging of the charging vehicle are realized, the scientific decision-making of the equipment is realized, the goal of fewer people on site and improving the charging efficiency is achieved, and the efficient operation of the charging vehicle is realized.

(3) Intelligent installation equipment

At present, China's surface mine electric shovel has not undergone information transformation, relatively independent operation, production efficiency is limited by the degree of cooperation between drivers and trucks [94]. The goal of the first phase is to collect the data of the shovel operation process in real time, realize the digitization of the shovel operation process, meet the digital management requirements of the shovel operation, and realize the safe and efficient operation of the shovel. The second phase aims to realize the automatic digging and loading of the electric shovel, improve the working efficiency of the electric shovel, and realize the efficient operation of the electric shovel.

(4) Intelligent transportation equipment

Truck is the main transportation equipment of large open-pit mine, and the advanced open-pit mines at home and abroad all use truck to carry out stripping and coal mining work. At present, China's super large open pit mines such as Heidaigou open pit mine and Yimin open pit mine have implemented digital systems such as truck tire monitoring and management, safety warning system and fuel monitoring. With the development of The Times, intelligent scheduling optimization, truck assisted driving system and unmanned trucks will become the mainstream trend of open-pit truck intelligence. Finally, the real-time collection of truck safety, fuel consumption and tire pressure data is realized to achieve the digitization of the truck operation process, and on this basis, the intelligent scheduling, intelligent assisted driving and intelligent operation of the truck are realized, so as to achieve the goal of fewer people on site and realize the efficient operation of truck transportation.

(5) Intelligent drainage equipment

The soil discharge operation is mainly combined with the electric shovel and truck to smooth and compact the material and expand the soil discharge step after the mining operation. At present, the main problems in the operation of the dumping machine include improper operation of personnel, which leads to the inconsistency of the dumping position and height with the plan, and the poor working environment of the operators [95]. The goal of the first phase is to realize the informationization of the drainage process, realize the automation of part of the operation, reduce the drainage problems caused by on-site personnel relying on experience operation, and realize the efficient operation of the bulldozer. The objective of the second phase is to realize the remote control operation of the soil discharge link, achieve the accurate execution and remote control of the equipment operation, improve the working environment of the driver, and achieve the efficient operation of the bulldozer.

(6) The raw coal surface production system is intelligent

The surface production system of open pit mine undertakes the task of crushing and transporting, which is composed of six sub-systems: primary crushing, secondary crushing, coal transport, coal storage, coal blending and truck loading and transporting. Information construction content: video monitoring of blind area of crushing station, inspection quality assessment of attendance machine, blind area monitoring of stacker and reclaimer, tape machine control system, video monitoring of belt conveyor. The goal of the first phase is to realize the automation and intelligence of the ground production system, the unattended crushing station, the centralized control and robot inspection of the belt conveyor, and the remote control of the stacker and recliner, so as to improve the production efficiency, reduce the labor intensity and repetitive work of the field staff, and realize the efficient operation of the raw coal ground production system.

(7) Intelligent production process system of open pit mine

It takes about 25 to 40 minutes per shift for surface mine self-moving crusher and transfer machine to dock, which takes a long time; When the truck is loaded, the electric shovel lacks guidance information, and the loading is difficult. The goal of the first phase is to realize intelligent and rapid docking of multiple large equipment, improve the efficiency of docking, shorten the docking time, and achieve efficient operation of the production process. The objective of the second phase is to realize automatic identification and positioning of trucks, automatically calculate the best digging position and dumping position, complete the rapid loading task of automated trucks, improve the loading efficiency of electric shovel, reduce the difficulty of personnel operation, and realize the efficient operation of the production process.

(8) Intelligent real-time diagnosis of equipment faults

The environmental conditions of the open pit mine are harsh, and the various structures of the open pit mine equipment are subjected to great impact and vibration, so the mine equipment will often have various failures, and the failure rate is high, and the fault diagnosis and elimination cycle is long, resulting in low work efficiency of equipment and personnel [96]. The goal of the first phase is to realize the fault diagnosis of drilling rig, shovel, crusher, belt conveyor and bulldozer. The second phase aims to achieve efficient diagnosis of equipment faults such as charging vehicles and trucks.

3.4 Planning objectives of intelligent system for open-pit production planning and project management

(1) Phase I planning objectives

Realize the intelligent design of piercing, mining, transportation and discharge, and deduce and analyze the local operation process; The key points of the operation process are refined and quantified [97], the construction standards are standardized [98], the production cost of the team is automatically calculated and the performance is automatically assessed, and the mine construction quality is intelligent controlled [99], so as to improve the operation efficiency, ensure the safety of production and reduce the production cost.

(2) Second phase planning objectives

Realize dynamic simulation of mining process, interactive analysis and optimization of mining design and construction, and finally achieve the purpose of intelligent decision-making [100-101]. On the basis of intelligent equipment, automatic decision-making and construction of each process link can be realized under the optimal production target.

3.5 Planning objectives of intelligent system for integrated open-pit management:

(1) Achieve the goal in the first phase

To realize the wisdom of comprehensive management of open pit mines, fundamentally eliminate the harm of dangerous sources, reduce the cost of reuse of dewatering water, improve the utilization rate of dewatering water, improve the quality of ecological reclamation, reduce the cost of ecological reclamation, and initially realize the value of ecological restoration; To achieve less operation, reduce the safety hazards of the open-pit mine itself, and gradually realize the essential safety of the open-pit mine; It provides support for the comprehensive management of all production decisions in open-pit mines, realizes the fully automated analysis of production efficiency, improves the production efficiency of each link, improves the level of production cost control, the efficiency of the use of production cost information and the efficiency of performance assessment, reduces the production cost of open-pit mines and improves the quality of performance assessment. To realize the integration and integration of production process automation and enterprise production, operation and management information; To realize the flexibility, agility and virtualization of design, production and management; To realize the digitalization, automation, networking and collaboration of scientific research, design, engineering, production, operation and decision-making.

(2) The second phase to achieve the goal

Improve the quality of ecological reclamation, reduce the cost of ecological reclamation, realize the value of ecological restoration, and realize the essence of green open-pit mining; To further realize the operation of less people, reduce or even eliminate the safety hazards of the open-pit mine itself, and realize the essential safety of the open-pit mine; Achieve advanced intelligent control of production efficiency in all production links, achieve real-time optimized operation of equipment, and ensure maximum production efficiency; Realize real-time control of production costs, ubiquitous performance assessment, and maximize the production cost of open-pit mines; Realize the intelligent command of production equipment, intelligent management of mine engineering and intelligent optimization of process system, and provide visual intelligent support for the management of open-pit production equipment and mine engineering.

4 Construction objectives

The essence of intelligent open-pit mine is the deep integration of information technology and open-pit mine, through the information of production, safety, management, design and other work and the intelligent mining equipment and system, so as to achieve a substantial increase in open-pit mine labor productivity, a substantial reduction in the overall production cost, to achieve the entire mine less human, to achieve the green, safe and efficient mine.

The construction of intelligent open-pit mine is based on cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things and mining engineering expertise, and aims at the safe, efficient and green development of open-pit mining industry, using the Internet of Things technology to achieve "human-human", "human-thing" and "object-thing" deep interconnection capability; Based on the unified network transmission standard, the blasting, mining, transportation, soil discharge, environment and other monitoring systems and mechanical and electrical equipment management, scheduling communication, industrial television and other safety production technology management systems can be organically connected to achieve information sharing; Using cloud computing and big data technology, the mining and analysis of massive mining data and timely response to provide data support for decision-making at various management levels of the mine; Establish a unified mining cooperation platform, so that the mining blasting, mining, transportation, soil discharge and other departments can work together, break the information island, achieve distributed collaborative work in the mining industry, and finally achieve full coverage of information collection, full sharing of data resources, automatic statistical analysis, full transparency of business management, full man-machine status monitoring, and full recording of production processes. The formation of a complete and unified space-time framework and information system, not only improve the information level of each business department, but also realize the unity and sharing of information between departments, further improve the comprehensive application effect of the system, and realize the green, safe and efficient production of mines.