The electrostatic attraction of the nucleus is the main factor affecting the "fission" of electrons. There is a very strong nuclear force between the proton and the neutron in the nucleus, and there is also a mutual force between the various parts of the electron, because the binding force between the various parts of the electron is not very large (relative to the nuclear force of the nucleus), so under the strong electrostatic gravitational tearing action of the nucleus, the electron has the possibility of "fission" release of photons. From the point of view of dialectical materialism: there are two factors that determine whether an electron "fission" emits photons: the internal cause is the cohesion (bonding force) between the internal parts of the electron, and the external cause is mainly the electrostatic attraction of the nucleus: The electrostatic attraction of the nucleus always tries to tear and deform the electron - and then forces the electron to produce "fission" to release photons, which results in the electron being closer to the nucleus, and reducing the mass and volume of the electron, resulting in the internal parts of the electron being more closely combined and the degree of "hunger" is higher; The internal cohesion of the electron always tries to condense the electron into a whole - and absorb one or more photons as much as possible, which results in an increase in the mass and volume of the electron, resulting in a looser internal combination of the electron and a reduction in the "degree of hunger." It can also be simply argued that the electrostatic attraction of the nucleus always decreases the mass of the electron, while the cohesive force of the electron itself always increases its mass.
The electron has a "magic number of masses", and each "magic number" corresponds to a stable orbital of the electron in the atom. We know that the nucleus is not a uniform hard ball but has a certain internal structure, it is composed of protons and neutrons, mass numbers of 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 114, 126, 184 and other numbers of nuclei are more stable, we call these numbers "magic numbers", and the nucleus with a double magic number is particularly stable. Similar to the "magic number" of the mass of the nucleus, there are several "magic numbers" of the mass of the electron: The binding force of the electron itself is not proportional to its mass change, or simple linear change, generally speaking, the smaller the mass of the electron, the greater the internal binding force, but there are always certain masses of electrons the binding force is quite large, much larger than the binding force of other masses of electrons, we put these masses of considerable binding force correspondingly called the electron "mass magic number". Electrons have a number of masses with great internal binding force (" mass magic number "), and the ability of electrons in the "mass magic number" to combine photons is very strong, and each "mass magic number" often corresponds to a stable orbital of the electron in the atom.
Electron absorption of photons is selective. Since the electron in the nucleus bound state is in a "hungry state", then can the electron absorb any mass of photons? In fact, this is not the case, the absorption of photons by electrons in the electrostatic gravitational binding state of the nucleus is selective. For an electron in a "hungry state", it has the ability to absorb photons. The smaller the mass of the photon, the smaller the change in electron mass caused by it entering the electron, and the smaller the influence on the balance between all parts of the electron, so the binding force between the electron and the electron is also larger. Conversely, the greater the mass of the photon entering the electron, the greater the change in the electron mass, and the greater the influence on the balance between the whole internal parts of the electron, so the binding force with the electron is also smaller. The binding force between only a few electrons of a certain mass and photons of a certain mass is extremely large.
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