Present situation and countermeasures of economic development and ecological protection of mining industry in China

1.3 The gap of mine ecological restoration is obvious, and the difficulty of environmental governance is increased

As of 2020, 12,000 mines have been closed, and more than 54 million mu of damaged land has been occupied by mining, of which more than 34 million mu of damaged land has been occupied by mines left over from history, and more than 20 million mu of damaged land has been occupied by mines under exploitation. At the same time, China's current mining management investment is insufficient, although the state has used a lot of funds for the restoration and management of mines, and requires enterprises to pay environmental governance costs, but compared with such a large number of legacy mines is still a drop in the bucket.

Compared with large mines, small and medium-sized mines have less damage to the ecological environment, but due to the characteristics of many small and medium-sized mines in China, coupled with poor technical strength, mining control and environmental governance are not in place and other factors, the comprehensive environmental bearing pressure is still increasing. In addition, the industrialization of developed countries has gone through a long process of hundreds of years, and many environmental problems have been gradually exposed in the process of development, so that people have enough time to understand, control and solve them. However, China's industrialization has experienced a rapid development stage after the reform and opening up, and various environmental problems have been concentrated in a short period of time, showing a complex situation of diversity, high intensity, large emission and endless emergence of new problems, which makes the task of ecological environment management in China more difficult.

2, China's ecological protection process

The Chinese government attaches great importance to the issue of ecological resources, and has incorporated the ideas and measures of resource conservation and environmental protection into all aspects of the national economic and social development planning, vigorously promoted energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental pollution control, and accelerated the realization of a development pattern of synchronizing environmental protection with economic development and harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

1) National strategy to lay a solid foundation for ecological and environmental protection. The 15th National Congress of the CPC put forward the strategy of sustainable development, elevating ecological environmental protection to the same important position as economic and social development, and making strategic arrangements for ecological environment construction; The 16th National Congress of the CPC put forward the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment, and pointed out that we should adhere to the green and circular development strategy of giving priority to conservation, protection and natural restoration. The 17th National Congress of the CPC listed the excessive cost of resources and environment in economic growth as the first of the difficulties and problems, and paid great attention to the protection of resources and environment and the transformation of the mode of economic development. At the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it was proposed to fully implement the "five-in-one" overall plan for economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, giving prominence to ecological progress. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that accelerating the reform of the ecological civilization system should not only create more material and spiritual wealth to meet the people's growing needs for a better life, but also provide more high-quality ecological products to meet the people's growing needs for a beautiful ecological environment, and put forward the core concept of respecting, adapting to and protecting nature.

2) Policy construction to effectively protect the ecological environment. The introduction of the "eight systems" for environmental management has made a series of provisions on environmental impact assessment, charging, protection, and comprehensive remediation, and has used legal means to guide the development of environmentally friendly advanced technologies, playing an important role in promoting China's environmental protection management. Subsequently, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance launched the construction of the "urban mineral" demonstration base; The Ministry of Science and Technology issued the "12th Five-Year Plan" for Waste Resource Science and Technology Projects to promote the formation of a circular economy and promote the development of resource recycling industries. At the same time, the rules and regulations surrounding the protection of the ecological environment in mines have been introduced, the compensation mechanism for the ecological environment in mines has been launched, and the supervision and management of the ecological environment in mines has been strengthened. In 2021, The State Council issued the "Carbon Peak Action Plan before 2030", proposing to accelerate the formation of the "carbon peak" and "carbon neutral" action plan for resource conservation and environmental protection, and promising that China's carbon dioxide emissions will not grow before 2030, indicating that China is firmly determined to take the ecological priority, green and low-carbon high-quality sustainable development road.