Study on the influence of mining on ecological environment and countermeasures

In today's society, all industries are pursuing sustainable development, which requires enterprises to reasonably protect and restore the ecological environment. At present, specific policies and regulations in this regard have begun to be implemented nationwide. With the continuous development of China's economy, it has become very important to deal with the relationship between mineral resource development and ecological environment. Only by properly handling the relationship between the two can we realize the sustainable development of society.

I. Present situation of mining and ecological environment in China

As far as the current mining status is concerned, there are two main mining methods: open pit and underground. However, in recent years, with the development of mining science and technology, open-pit mining has been greatly developed, but at the same time, the impact and destruction of this mining method on the surrounding environment is more serious, and a series of environmental problems generated at the same time have become more severe. According to the relevant data, it can be seen from the geological environment survey report of mine in China that almost all mining activities have caused serious damage to mining area geology, but the degree of damage is different. In the specific mining operation process, due to the characteristics of long-term and high-intensity mining operations, a large area of land will be abandoned for a long time, and in some severely damaged areas, the whole ground collapse and mountain collapse will occur. In addition, it will also cause damage to the water environment, water resources pollution, water level decline and so on. The above damage to the environment will have an impact on the surrounding organisms, and what is more, it will pose a serious threat to the normal survival of human beings, and of course, it will also cause serious damage to the stability and development of society and the country.

Second, the impact of mining on ecological environment

1. Occupation and destruction of land

In the process of mineral resource development, the surrounding land is usually occupied first, and then the soil will be damaged in the process of mining. After that, the waste in the mining process will cause pollution to the surrounding people's soil. In addition, there is the possibility of overall collapse in the process of mining, which will cause serious damage to the land and buildings in the location. Almost every part of the mining process will damage the land to some extent.

2. Cause water pollution

The pollution of water resources by mining usually refers to the comprehensive overview of surface water and groundwater, and the surface water resources are mainly caused by the discharge of mineral processing water and mineral processing wastewater into the surrounding water environment without corresponding treatment. Usually, in the process of mining operations, various waste liquids generated in the mining process contain a large number of heavy metals and other pollutants, and the discharge of these substances will destroy the original water body. Since the groundwater has a certain precipitation and self-healing ability, the above-ground water will be directly used, resulting in a series of chain pollution.

3. Loss of biodiversity

In the process of environmental pollution, especially the discharge of waste, the destruction of green vegetation and the pollution of soil, these will have a serious impact on the surrounding biota, causing the destruction of biological diversity, which is often irreparable. After the destruction of biological diversity, some species will withstand the species selection triggered by such environmental changes, but in the face of such a harsh environment, it usually takes many years for the species to recover, if at all.

Third, mining ecological environment restoration strategy

The so-called mining area restoration is to accelerate the improvement process of the natural environment in the mining area by means of human intervention. It can be seen from the foreign restoration experience that the mining environment can be effectively improved by this way, and it can be carried out in various forms. However, the most common treatment method is to improve the soil quality, terrain, green vegetation and land use mode, and finally restore the normal ecological balance. The specific implementation of the program can be carried out from the following aspects.

1. The government shall formulate scientific repair policies for enterprises

When formulating the mining area environmental restoration policy for enterprises, the new and old mining areas and mining areas with different pollution levels should be treated separately, and their restoration responsibilities should be allocated separately. Specific programs and policies should be formulated from two major directions, which are the destruction of ecological environment by abandoned mines and old mines and the destruction of ecological environment by mines in the process of mining operations. For the restoration of mines, we can learn from foreign models. Firstly, the mining area is classified, and then the state sets up a special mine treatment and restoration working group and a special mine restoration fund. For mines before the promulgation of the policy, the specific management responsibilities and management funds are respectively carried out by the mine restoration group and provided by the restoration fund. Adopt the principle of who pollution damage who governance, enterprises in the process of mining, but also to the surrounding environment governance and protection. At the same time, it is necessary to establish a detailed mine pollution report according to the actual investigation and analysis, so as to better carry out the control work.