Present situation and countermeasures of economic development and ecological protection of mining industry in China

3. Countermeasures and Suggestions

Although China has actively promoted the transformation of the mining economic model and environmental governance from the national level, and a series of achievements have been made in implementing the relevant provisions, at this stage, the development of China's mining industry and the ecological environment are still mutually restricted and the contradiction is prominent. "Green water and green mountains" and "Jinshan Yinshan" are not opposites, "Jinshan Yinshan" is by no means regardless of the ecological environment and arbitrary exploitation, and "green water and green mountains" is by no means a regression to the state of economic development of primitive society, to achieve economic development and environmental protection have the same goal, that is, to achieve national economic development and meet the objective needs of people yearning for a better life. Both must be balanced. Facing the current situation of shortage of mineral resources and serious pollution of ecological environment in China, it is urgent to correctly deal with the relationship between the two, from conquering and transforming nature to respecting and treating nature, choosing a sustainable health and scientific road with less use of resources and less damage to the environment, so that the overall economic development and the harmony and beauty of nature go hand in hand.

3.1 Develop circular economy and promote energy conservation and emission reduction

Establish and improve policies and regulations to regulate the development and utilization of mineral resources, prohibit indiscriminate mining, avoid damage to the ecological environment as much as possible, and reduce the production of mining waste from the source; Formulate preferential policies to promote the healthy development of the mining circular economy, with zero emissions as the goal, to achieve the harmless disposal and comprehensive reuse of pollutants in the development and production of mineral resources, and in the process of economic development, GDP and mineral resource consumption and environmental degradation "decoupling". At the same time, the rational use of common resources in mining and other industries, the establishment of mineral products production as the center of the circular ecological chain, the construction of the coordination with the ecological chain of related industries of resource recycling cycle model, to promote the coordinated development of economy and ecology.

Energy conservation and emission reduction is an important means to achieve "carbon neutrality". China's energy intensity far exceeds the world average level and is 2-4 times that of developed countries. There is great room for improvement in energy efficiency, and energy conservation and emission reduction should be vigorously promoted. First, it is suggested to strengthen the integration of mineral resources and increase the proportion of large and medium-sized mining areas; Second, it is recommended to gradually reduce the mining and production of mineral resources in megacities, scenic spots, and over-concentrated areas, especially in water-scarce areas, and transfer production capacity appropriately to the locations of large mining enterprises with sufficient water resources and better development conditions and near the market. By optimizing the layout of the mining industry and the structure of mineral resources, adjusting and transforming the high-energy-consuming industrial structure and high-emission production mode in key areas, so as to alleviate the problems of high energy consumption, low efficiency and large pollution caused by the decentralized production of most of China's mineral resources.

3.2 Attach importance to environmental assessment and assessment of protected areas

In the process of exploitation and utilization of mineral resources, the associated harmful elements in the crust of mineral resources are often ignored, and these harmful elements are pollution sources even in the undisturbed state. Therefore, it is suggested that when evaluating the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources, its impact on the surrounding ecological environment should be taken into consideration as an important factor. To evaluate the influence of harmful elements on the surrounding ecological environment in the undisturbed state of mineral resources and in the mining process. At the same time, the environmental bearing capacity should be considered comprehensively. If the bearing capacity of the environment is large and the detailed investigation and exploration of mineral resources have little impact on the ecological environment, the issuance of mining rights can be appropriately relaxed. If the environmental carrying capacity is small, or even in areas with poor ecological environment, such as ecological protection areas and tourist attractions, mineral development activities have a greater impact on the ecology, then the mining of relatively inferior resources should be abandoned, the development planning of mineral resources in the region should be adjusted, and the mining rights should be tightened.