Although there is great potential for development, the characteristics of "minority" are difficult to change

First, basic concepts

Biomass refers to various organisms formed directly or indirectly through photosynthesis, that is, biological organisms, including animals, plants and microorganisms.

The so-called biomass energy, as the name suggests, is the energy generated by biomass, which essentially refers to the energy converted by solar energy in the form of chemical energy and stored in biomass, which is an inherent class of energy given to biological organisms by nature.

Because living things are renewable, biomass energy is renewable, and it is also a kind of environmentally friendly clean energy.

Biomass energy sources are relatively wide, the cost is relatively low, is an important part of renewable energy.

At present, according to international standards, biomass energy is divided into the following five categories: municipal waste, industrial waste, solid biomass, biogas and liquid biofuels, among which the supply of solid biomass is the most abundant.

There are many ways to use and transform biomass energy, and the way of use and transformation determines whether it has sustainable development potential.

There are many ways to use biomass energy, such as thermal chemistry, biochemistry, chemistry and physical chemistry, etc., for example, it can be directly or indirectly turned into fuel, directly burned (household cooking or heating, etc.) or converted into indirect fuel (such as burning power generation, automotive ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, aviation kerosene and biogas, etc.).

In the above utilization methods, combustion power generation has become a mainstream way, and is currently one of the most common and effective ways of biomass energy utilization.

So what is biomass power generation? Biomass power generation refers to the use of biomass energy combustion of living organisms to generate power, in fact, the conversion of biomass energy into electricity.

From the perspective of biomass power generation types, it can be mainly divided into three categories: agricultural and forestry biomass power generation, waste incineration power generation and biogas power generation.

Agricultural and forestry biomass power generation can be classified according to power generation technology, which can be divided into two categories: direct combustion power generation and mixed combustion power generation.

Waste incineration refers to the burning of waste to generate electricity, generally need to integrate biomass and waste power generation, and then build biomass and waste power integration facilities.

The above projects generally combine biomass projects with waste-to-power generation projects and can be developed in stages or synchronously.

The so-called biomass and waste-to-power integration project means that in addition to processing biomass raw materials, domestic waste will also be incinerated to generate electricity or heat.

Biogas power generation is actually very simple, is to burn biogas as a power to generate electricity.

2. Development status

At present, China's biomass energy utilization methods mainly include biomass power generation, biological liquid fuel, biomass molding fuel, biomass gas and biological hydrogen production technology.

Biomass energy resources are relatively rich, but the proportion of total energy consumption is relatively low.

At present, China has basically established the whole industrial chain of biomass power generation, including upstream, midstream and downstream industries.

The upstream industry of the biomass power generation industry chain mainly includes raw materials and equipment, including biomass raw materials and related power generation equipment, and incinerators are the most core equipment in the waste incineration treatment and power generation system.

The midstream industry of the biomass power generation industry chain is the way of biomass power generation, while the downstream industry is the power users and channels.

In recent years, China's biomass power generation industry has developed, and the installed capacity of biomass power generation has contributed 96% to waste incineration power generation and agricultural and forestry biomass power generation.

From the perspective of installed capacity, by the end of 2021, China's cumulative installed capacity of biomass power generation reached 37.98 million kilowatts, accounting for 1.6% of the total installed power generation capacity.

According to statistics, the proportion of biomass power generation in China's renewable energy generation increased from 3.4% in 2012 to 6.6% in 2021.

In 2021, China's new installed capacity of biomass power generation was 8.08 million kilowatts, accounting for 4.6% of the country's new installed capacity, and biomass power generation was 163.7 billion KWH, up 23.6% year-on-year, accounting for 2% of the whole society's electricity consumption.

According to the National Energy Administration data, in the first half of 2022, China's new installed capacity of biomass power generation reached 1.52 million kilowatts, and the cumulative installed capacity reached 39.5 million kilowatts, but the situation varies greatly across the country.