Chemical enterprise and park accident emergency plan and emergency rescue

How to improve the hazardous goods emergency response capability in the chemical industry

In 2003, we faced the challenge of SARS. In 2008, we withstood the challenges of snow and ice in the south and the Wenchuan earthquake. In 2015, we suffered the Tianjin port explosion; In 2019 we suffered a loud water explosion; From 2020 to today, the world is facing the challenge of the new coronavirus. Since 2003, our country has gained a lot of experience in emergency management.

Over the past three decades, the technology brought by multinational companies has transformed the Chinese chemical industry, from park planning, plant design, construction, operation management, to waste disposal and so on. But how has the emergency management of chemical accidents changed? What progress has been made in terms of responders' personal expertise, professional equipment and personal protective equipment? Is society more tolerant of chemical accidents?

In terms of policies, the state has issued the Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening the Safe Production of Hazardous Chemicals, the Guidelines for the Investigation and Management of Safety Risks in Chemical Parks (Trial), the Implementation Plan for the three-year Action on the safety of hazardous Chemicals, and has implemented the special inspection and supervision of major hazardous chemicals enterprises throughout the country, and the guidance services of experts in key counties of hazardous chemicals. Expert guidance service for safety improvement of chemical park.

There are many restrictions on fire emergency services, and the market is immature. There is no professional qualification rating system for dangerous goods rescue personnel; There is no systematic teaching material for training dangerous goods rescue personnel; In fact, grass-roots emergency work still lacks operational guidance documents such as "risk identification and assessment guidelines, emergency plan preparation guidelines, drill design and evaluation guidelines".

Why does the emergency plan generally lack pertinence and operability? Has the chemical park arranged a special person to study the emergency plan for the record of the enterprise? Does the chemical park have a list of emergency scenarios? Is the emergency scenario described? What skills should a chemical accident emergency commander in a chemical park have? How can chemical parks learn from industrial accidents? Is planning based on capability or goal?

A vocational qualification system that makes it easier for employers to find employees whose skills meet the job requirements.

Basic principles of planning 1

The preparation of the plan must include the participation of all park management departments and all stakeholders.

Preparedness uses a logical and analytical problem-solving process to help address the complexity and uncertainty inherent in potential hazards and threats. Planning helps parks determine the resources at their disposal to carry out critical tasks and achieve desired results.

◆ Preparedness takes into account all hazards and threats.

Preparedness should be flexible enough to cope with both traditional and catastrophic events.

The plan must clearly identify the mission and support objectives (with expected results).

Plan preparation describes the expected emergency response operating environment.

Planning identifies tasks, allocates resources to accomplish those tasks, and establishes accountability.

Time, uncertainty, risk and experience affect planning.

Basic principles of planning 2

Effective planning tells those with operational responsibility what to do and why, and guides those outside the jurisdiction on how to provide support and what to expect.

◆ Planning is a process of managing risk.

Plan preparation is one of the key components of the emergency preparedness cycle.

Planning method

◆ The logic of planning: "Scenario-task-capability".

◆ Scenario-based planning. Start by constructing a dangerous or threatening scenario, analyze the impact of the scenario, and determine the appropriate course of action. This concept of preparedness is often used to develop preparedness assumptions, mainly for the annex to a specific hazard or threat in the basic preparedness plan.

◆ Functional planning. Identify the common functions that the park must perform in an emergency. Functional based planning The preparation of the functions to be performed and a certain combination of government agencies and departments responsible for performing the functions is defined as an action plan.

◆ Capacity based planning. Focus on the park's ability to take action programs. Answer the question, "Do I have the right combination of training, organization, preparedness, personnel, leadership and management, equipment and facilities to execute the required emergency response capabilities?" .

Common problems and improvement of park plan preparation

◆ Early warning problem: there are hierarchical meteorological early warnings for natural disasters; Industrial production process early warning may have an early warning effect on enterprises (fire alarm signals in offices, warehouses and power distribution rooms can provide a certain degree of early warning), but it can not be used as an early warning of emergency response in industrial parks, because there are too many false alarms. It is recommended that the park start the accident response, and the enterprise telephone alarm shall prevail.