Chemical enterprise and park accident emergency plan and emergency rescue

How to improve the hazardous goods emergency response capability in the chemical industry

In 2003, we faced the challenge of SARS. In 2008, we withstood the challenges of snow and ice in the south and the Wenchuan earthquake. In 2015, we suffered the Tianjin port explosion; In 2019 we suffered a loud water explosion; From 2020 to today, the world is facing the challenge of the new coronavirus. Since 2003, our country has gained a lot of experience in emergency management.

Over the past three decades, the technology brought by multinational companies has transformed the Chinese chemical industry, from park planning, plant design, construction, operation management, to waste disposal and so on. But how has the emergency management of chemical accidents changed? What progress has been made in terms of responders' personal expertise, professional equipment and personal protective equipment? Is society more tolerant of chemical accidents?

In terms of policies, the state has issued the Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening the Safe Production of Hazardous Chemicals, the Guidelines for the Investigation and Management of Safety Risks in Chemical Parks (Trial), the Implementation Plan for the three-year Action on the safety of hazardous Chemicals, and has implemented the special inspection and supervision of major hazardous chemicals enterprises throughout the country, and the guidance services of experts in key counties of hazardous chemicals. Expert guidance service for safety improvement of chemical park.

There are many restrictions on fire emergency services, and the market is immature. There is no professional qualification rating system for dangerous goods rescue personnel; There is no systematic teaching material for training dangerous goods rescue personnel; In fact, grass-roots emergency work still lacks operational guidance documents such as "risk identification and assessment guidelines, emergency plan preparation guidelines, drill design and evaluation guidelines".

Why does the emergency plan generally lack pertinence and operability? Has the chemical park arranged a special person to study the emergency plan for the record of the enterprise? Does the chemical park have a list of emergency scenarios? Is the emergency scenario described? What skills should a chemical accident emergency commander in a chemical park have? How can chemical parks learn from industrial accidents? Is planning based on capability or goal?

A vocational qualification system that makes it easier for employers to find employees whose skills meet the job requirements.

Basic principles of planning 1

The preparation of the plan must include the participation of all park management departments and all stakeholders.

Preparedness uses a logical and analytical problem-solving process to help address the complexity and uncertainty inherent in potential hazards and threats. Planning helps parks determine the resources at their disposal to carry out critical tasks and achieve desired results.

◆ Preparedness takes into account all hazards and threats.

Preparedness should be flexible enough to cope with both traditional and catastrophic events.

The plan must clearly identify the mission and support objectives (with expected results).

Plan preparation describes the expected emergency response operating environment.

Planning identifies tasks, allocates resources to accomplish those tasks, and establishes accountability.

Time, uncertainty, risk and experience affect planning.

Basic principles of planning 2

Effective planning tells those with operational responsibility what to do and why, and guides those outside the jurisdiction on how to provide support and what to expect.

◆ Planning is a process of managing risk.

Plan preparation is one of the key components of the emergency preparedness cycle.

Planning method

◆ The logic of planning: "Scenario-task-capability".

◆ Scenario-based planning. Start by constructing a dangerous or threatening scenario, analyze the impact of the scenario, and determine the appropriate course of action. This concept of preparedness is often used to develop preparedness assumptions, mainly for the annex to a specific hazard or threat in the basic preparedness plan.

◆ Functional planning. Identify the common functions that the park must perform in an emergency. Functional based planning The preparation of the functions to be performed and a certain combination of government agencies and departments responsible for performing the functions is defined as an action plan.

◆ Capacity based planning. Focus on the park's ability to take action programs. Answer the question, "Do I have the right combination of training, organization, preparedness, personnel, leadership and management, equipment and facilities to execute the required emergency response capabilities?" .

Common problems and improvement of park plan preparation

◆ Early warning problem: there are hierarchical meteorological early warnings for natural disasters; Industrial production process early warning may have an early warning effect on enterprises (fire alarm signals in offices, warehouses and power distribution rooms can provide a certain degree of early warning), but it can not be used as an early warning of emergency response in industrial parks, because there are too many false alarms. It is recommended that the park start the accident response, and the enterprise telephone alarm shall prevail.

◆ Response grading problem: early warning grading or response grading should be considered according to the action and dispatch of the response force, and it is recommended to be divided into four levels according to the scope of influence, including factory workshop Ⅳ, plant Ⅲ, park Ⅱ, and beyond park Ⅰ. The index can be further refined to determine the judgment standard of class II. The index of classification should be clear, so as to facilitate the front-line duty personnel to operate according to the regulations. The level of actual investigation and handling of the accident, determined by the accident investigation department after the fact, may be different from the level of emergency response.

◆ Pollutant treatment: It should be clear who is responsible for the decontamination and purification of the personnel, equipment and environment dealing with pollution; The specific units to be notified for implementation; Who will test.

◆ Lack of park risk analysis and evaluation report: It is suggested to prepare a park risk assessment report. Lack of description of major emergency scenarios, the pertinence of emergency plans is weak.

◆ Lack of park emergency capacity assessment report: It is recommended to compile park emergency capacity assessment report. It is essential for conducting training, improving exercises, and stockpiling emergency supplies.

◆ Emergency personnel post response procedure problem: the emergency post response procedure is too few, especially the early response action of the accident. It is recommended to increase the corresponding procedures for personnel, and the response personnel receive the alarm information and arrive at the designated place at the specified time, which may be different during the day and night.

◆ News release problem: The park level to hold an accident press conference, never seen before. It can be mentioned in the connection with the plan of the superior government department, and cooperate with the municipal government to hold a press conference to provide relevant information about the emergency response of the accident.

◼ The characteristics of Class 1 events are as follows:

◼ The most complex and require national resources to manage and operate safely and efficiently.

◼ All positions in the command and staff have been filled

◼ Operations usually exceed 500 personnel during each operation, and the total number usually exceeds 1,000.

◼ A branch needs to be established

◼ Each action stage needs to be in writing