How to take the road of "development-type management" of mine environment?

Mine geological environment is an important part of ecological environment. Since 2001, the former Ministry of Land and Resources and other relevant departments have taken a series of measures to promote the special treatment of the geological environment of mines, carry out the action of mine greening, build a national mine park, and establish a deposit system for the restoration of the geological environment of mines, and initially establish an economic mechanism for development compensation and protection, and a number of resource-depleted cities have effectively restored the geological environment of mines. However, on the whole, China's mining geological environment restoration and comprehensive management are still not adapted to the requirements of the new situation, extensive development methods on the mining geological environment is still serious impact, ground collapse, land damage, vegetation and topographic landscape damage and a series of problems are still prominent.

In order to effectively promote the restoration and comprehensive treatment of the mine geological environment, especially the abandoned mine environmental restoration and comprehensive treatment of the responsible subject, on July 1, 2016, five ministries and commissions including the former Ministry of Land and Resources jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the restoration and comprehensive treatment of the Mine Geological Environment. The "Opinions" specifically pointed out that to speed up the solution of historical problems, encourage the participation of social funds, in accordance with the principle of "who governs, who benefits", give full play to the guiding role of financial funds, and vigorously explore the construction of "government-led, policy support, social participation, development-type governance, market-oriented operation" mining geological environment restoration and comprehensive management of a new model.

"In China, there are many abandoned stone mines left over from past mining. Most of them are in an abandoned state. But with the continuous guidance of national environmental protection policies and guidelines, some local governments have begun to pay attention to the restoration of abandoned mines, but the current restoration process is not very fast." Hu Youyi, president of the China Sandstone Association, said that the common problem of the current treatment and restoration of abandoned mines is that the repair of abandoned mines needs to invest a lot of money, and the mining enterprises have no more sources of funds after mining, and the government needs to formulate corresponding support and encouragement policies.

It can be said that the further clarification of "development-type management" and its affirmation at the national level have effectively cracked the problem that the central and local financial hearts and abilities are insufficient and social capital is lacking in enthusiasm in the comprehensive management of the geological environment of abandoned mines, and greatly promoted the comprehensive management of the geological environment of abandoned mines.

1 Abandon the mine and turn it into an ecological park

Ligou Mountain is the highest mountain in Pingdu City, Shandong Province, with dozens of hills around it. At the end of the 1950s, the mine once became the "inexhaustible" treasure in the eyes of many people, in the rumbling of gunfire mining, accompanied by disorderly mining, mountain collapse, exposed rocks, mines densely covered, for a time the mountain was devastated, vegetation was almost gone, safety hazards, ecological environment was seriously damaged. The mountains around the mountain were not spared.

The Green Development Guidance Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources investigated the ecological restoration and management experience of abandoned mines in Beiyuan, Qingdao

Part of the mine area in front of the mountain was once a flat landfill for more than 20 years, and the sewage and stench generated by the waste fermentation had made the surrounding residential areas less hospitable. After the loss of vegetation, the historical abandoned mine is located in the tuyere of Pingdu, and the annual weathered dust is blown over the city, which always affects the production, life and health of the public, and becomes a historical "scar".

With the support of the local government, Qingdao Beiyuan Company, a private enterprise, first tried to transfer and contract more than 1,400 mu of abandoned mines left over from history in Licou Mountain. Due to the shortage of land indicators, under the guidance of the government, the company set up a new company in the abandoned mine of Licou Mountain and established Qingdao Beiyuan Environmental Protection Building Materials Co., LTD. In order to plan the restoration and management of this abandoned mine, the company visited many countries in Europe and the United States to learn from experience, combined with local geological characteristics, invested heavily in the introduction of equipment from abroad, and jointly established an advanced manufacturing technology research center with relevant scientific research institutes, integrating advanced technology and equipment at home and abroad, to create a domestic leading recycling integration green cycle process program.