70 years of Chinese shipbuilding industry: history, achievements and enlightenment

3. Shipbuilding industry from large to strong high quality development stage (2009-2019). This stage started from the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008 and has continued until now, and is still in the stage of the development of the shipbuilding industry from large to strong high-quality. Since the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008, the internal and external environment facing the development of the shipbuilding industry has undergone major changes, such as the slow development of the global economy, the relationship between shipping supply and demand has not improved, the prominent problem of shipbuilding overcapacity, the increasing pressure on shipbuilding cost control, the tightening of financial institutions, and the prominent risk of the Sino-US trade war. In this context, the shipbuilding industry to comprehensively deepen reform, accelerate structural adjustment, transformation and upgrading to pursue high-quality development has become an industry consensus. Relevant state departments have successively issued the "Medium and long-term Development Plan for Marine Engineering Equipment Manufacturing Industry (2011 ~ 2020)", "Marine engineering equipment Research Project Guide (2012)", "High-tech ship Research Plan 2012 annual Project Guide", "Shipbuilding Industry to accelerate structural adjustment and promote transformation and upgrading implementation plan (2013 ~ 2015)" and "on the solution. Policies and measures such as the Guiding Opinions on the Contradiction of Serious Excess Capacity "and" Standard Conditions for the Shipping Industry "actively guide the shipping industry to strengthen industry management, resolve the contradiction of excess capacity, accelerate structural adjustment, improve technical level, and promote transformation and upgrading. On the whole, the transformation and upgrading of the shipbuilding industry and the adjustment of the industrial structure in this period went smoothly, and basically overcame the adverse effects of the shipbuilding industry such as the difficulty of receiving orders, delivering ships, making profits and financing difficulties. The indicators of ship economic operation such as shipbuilding completion, new orders and hand-held orders ranked first in the international market share for a long time. The competitiveness of China's shipbuilding industry in the international market has been significantly enhanced, the position of the world's shipbuilding industry is stable, the overall scientific and technological innovation capacity of the industry has been greatly improved, and the shipbuilding industry has basically achieved healthy and sustainable development.

Two, China's shipbuilding industry 70 years of brilliant achievements

After 70 years of development, China's shipbuilding industry has established a relatively complete shipbuilding industry system on the basis of new China's poverty, realized the dream of the world's first shipbuilding country, and walked out of a road from scratch, from weak to strong, from running to leading the development of China's shipbuilding industry. At present, the overall scale and strength of China's shipbuilding industry has entered the forefront of the world, the international competitiveness of the industry has reached the world-class level, and the modern scientific and technological innovation system of the shipbuilding industry has basically taken shape. China's shipbuilding industry is currently in the best period in history, and the dream of a shipbuilding power has dawned.

(1) The scale and strength of the shipping industry has entered the forefront of the world

At the beginning of the founding of New China, the scale of ship production was very small, and most of the mainland ship factories were damaged to varying degrees, and the production was paralyzed, which could be said to be poor and empty.  By the early 1980s, China's annual shipbuilding output was only about 400,000 tons, accounting for 1% of the world's total shipbuilding output, ranking 13th in the world, and only one twentieth of the world's first shipbuilding power Japan at that time. In 1994, China's shipbuilding output jumped to the third place in the world, but the share of the world's total shipbuilding is still only about 5% (Figure 1), and Japan, South Korea accounted for more than 35% compared to the gap is very obvious. In 2006, China's ship completions reached 14.52 million deadweight tons, accounting for 19% of global ship completions (Figure 1). China's shipping enterprises received 42.51 million tons of new orders and held 68.72 million tons of orders, accounting for 24% of global orders; It has been the world's third largest shipbuilding country for 12 consecutive years, and the gap between it and the top two countries, South Korea and Japan, has narrowed significantly. In 2008, China successfully surpassed Japan in shipbuilding production, ranking second in the world in all three indicators. Among them: China's shipbuilding completed 28.81 million tons, accounting for 29.5% of the world's shipbuilding completed; New orders of 58.18 million tons, accounting for 37.7% of the world market share; More than 200 million tons of ship orders, accounting for 35.5% of the world market share. In 2010, China's three major shipbuilding indicators simultaneously ranked first in the world for the first time. Among them: China's shipbuilding completed 61.205 million DWT, accounting for 41.9% of the world's total, South Korea and Japan accounted for 31.9% and 21.5% respectively; China's new orders reached 58.459 million DWT, accounting for 48.5% of the world's total, while South Korea and Japan accounted for 38.3% and 6.1% respectively. As of the end of December 2010, China's orders held 192.915 million DWT, accounting for 40.8% of the world's total, South Korea and Japan accounted for 33.1% and 17.6% respectively. After 2011, despite the delayed impact of the international financial crisis, the absolute proportion of the three indicators of shipbuilding completion, new orders and hand-held orders in the world market share has declined year by year, but the overall proportion of the above three indicators in the world has remained at a relatively high level of more than 35% for a long time (Table 2). Shipbuilding completions, new orders and hand-held orders are the three important indicators that reflect the economic operation of the shipbuilding industry. After 70 years of development, China has been able to independently design and build most ship types. The three core indicators of China's shipbuilding industry have maintained an international leading position for more than 10 years, and the position of the world's shipbuilding power is very stable.