We will promote scenario-driven and application-oriented unified construction and sharing of new infrastructure

First, from a global perspective, China has ushered in a major threshold for the strategic layout of new infrastructure

(1) New infrastructure is already playing a huge enabling role. At present, China's industrial economy is accelerating the development of digital economy, industrial society is gradually moving towards the information society, and the connotation of infrastructure is also undergoing major innovation. The wide popularization and deep penetration of digital technology has made the new infrastructure that is digital, intelligent, green and service-oriented increasingly prominent, and is playing an unexpected and huge role. For example, a "minions" automatic sorting robot in the express industry can sort more than 10,000 pieces of express mail in an hour, and a set of intelligent sorting equipment can handle 72,000 pieces of express mail parcels in an hour at the fastest, which can achieve much higher production efficiency than traditional manual methods; During the COVID-19 pandemic, the National Primary and secondary School Network Cloud Platform was urgently launched and covered all 31 provinces, providing a strong guarantee for more than 200 million primary and secondary school students across the country to suspend classes during the epidemic. Hangzhou launched the "Qinqing Online" digital platform, and paid 336 million yuan in policy subsidies for 114,000 enterprises and 371,000 employees within a week, helping the government efficiently deliver public services "precision drip irrigation" to enterprises and the masses. New infrastructure has become an important basic guarantee for improving the level of high-quality economic and social development, and a necessary prerequisite for the country's digital transformation. The scale of China's digital economy has reached the second in the world, the added value of the core industry accounted for 7.8% of GDP, and the overall growth rate of 9.7% under the impact of the epidemic is still high, which is inseparable from the leap-forward development of a number of new infrastructure such as information networks, data centers, industrial Internet, urban brain, car networking, and energy Internet throughout the country and various industries.

New infrastructure will also continue to amplify the innovation-driven "multiplier effect." At one end, the new infrastructure is connected with huge investment demand and rich industrial chain, which can drive a large range and large-scale digital production supply such as smart factories, digital supply chains, and shared manufacturing; at the other end, it takes the continuously upgraded strong consumer market, which can fully penetrate into the eating, wearing, housing, transportation, travel, entertainment, shopping and other aspects of the vast number of people, and accelerate consumption upgrading. Promote efficient linkage and overall upgrading of industrial chain and supply chain, resulting in a huge "multiplier effect" of "one industry with all industries". Taking 5G facilities as an example, according to the forecast of the China ICT Institute, it is expected that during the period from 2020 to 2025, China's 5G commercial use will directly drive the total economic output of 10.6 trillion yuan, directly create economic added value of 3.3 trillion yuan, indirectly drive the total economic output of about 24.8 trillion yuan, and indirectly drive the economic added value of 8.4 trillion yuan. At present, the number of Internet users in China has reached nearly 1 billion, and the number of online shopping users has reached 782 million. With the emergence of new applications and scenarios with large scale, wide scope and frequent changes in the digital era such as online shopping, online medical care, remote working, and life services, the "multiplier effect" of new infrastructure transformation and innovation supporting the comprehensive digital transformation of economy and society will continue to increase. At the same time, it brings huge and urgent new needs and new challenges for the development of new infrastructure.

(3) The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is at a major threshold for the scientific layout of new infrastructure. On the one hand, the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China will shift from high-speed development to a new stage of high-quality development, by the global science and technology and industrial competition intensified, domestic resources and the environment and the aging population constraints of the double impact, industrial upgrading and consumption upgrading trend will be further accelerated, to support digital transformation, intelligent upgrading, integration and innovation of the new infrastructure will produce greater demand. On the other hand, although China has become a major infrastructure country from the total amount, but due to the wide land and large number of people, the per capita infrastructure stock, quality and developed countries there is still a significant gap, different regions, areas and urban and rural development imbalance, uncoordinated problems are still severe, the "14th Five-Year Plan" period has become an important historical pass of China's infrastructure "two-step upgrade". In the context of the global era of seizing the commanding heights of the digital development strategy, deepening the supply-side structural reform as the main line, doing a good job in the layout of the new infrastructure development system, and promoting the transformation of China from a traditional infrastructure country to a new infrastructure country and a strong country are the internal requirements of the "14th Five-Year Plan" period to support China's high-quality economic and social development.

Second, seek truth and be pragmatic, and avoid the development misunderstanding of "resource mismatch" and "hurry and act recklessly"

As a basic and public material engineering facility, the new infrastructure should be appropriately advanced and systematically deployed to maximize its effectiveness. However, in order to take the initiative to accelerate the pace of digital transformation, some industries and localities are anxious to "seize the opportunity" without scientific assessment of the application needs, investment costs, investment returns, development prospects, and technical risks of new infrastructure investment projects, which is also easy to cause problems such as excessive risk of investment projects, insufficient demand scenarios, poor construction results, and insufficient long-term operation power. Because the new infrastructure has the characteristics of fast update and iteration, high operation and maintenance costs, and strong dependence on energy and scene, if the supply and demand can not be matched in a forward-looking way, the planning and layout and investment and construction are unreasonable, it is easy to cause repeated construction and resource waste, and even bring a new round of overcapacity.

In the near future, some hot spots and key areas are emerging some signs that need to be vigilant. In terms of 5G, as of the end of June 2021, 961,000 5G base stations have been built and opened nationwide, and according to the goal of having more than 18 5G base stations per 10,000 people in 2023 proposed by the "5G Application" Action Plan (2021-2023) and the total population of 1.44 billion people in the country obtained by the seventh census, There are still 1.631 million 5G base stations to be built, but there have been cases of low utilization of base stations due to insufficient applications, and operators dormant 5G base stations in order to reduce power consumption costs. In terms of new energy vehicle charging piles, by the end of 2020, the total number of private and public charging piles in the country is 1.681 million units, and the total number of new energy vehicles is 4.92 million during the same period, and the number of new energy vehicles and charging piles is about 2.92:1, compared with 1: In the planning configuration of 1, the gap is still huge, but due to the separation of planning and actual needs, a large number of charging piles are idle. The utilization rate of charging facilities of all operators is generally lower than 15%; Before the implementation of the assessment and reward for the operation of public charging facilities in Beijing, the utilization rate of public charging facilities was only 4.63%, and it only increased to 7.26% after the implementation of the assessment and reward. In 2019, the charging utilization rate of narrow public charging piles, public special piles, community special piles, unit special piles, and logistics special piles was 1.47%, 7.54%, 2.80%, 1.33%, and 1.16%, respectively, far from reaching the break-even point. In terms of industrial Internet, since 2017, the "combination" of national policies has frequently attacked, and local governments have introduced supporting measures to form a "subsidy boom", which has brought about the blowout growth of industrial Internet platforms, but also caused enterprises to over-rely on government subsidies, and even 70%-80% of the revenue of some industrial Internet platforms is from government subsidies. Once the subsidies "decline" and "weaning", it is likely to cause a number of deformed development "sequelae" of platform collapse. In terms of urban brain, as of June 2020, nearly 500 cities have announced the construction of "urban brain", and many local governments blindly copy the digital experience of developed and advanced regions in the absence of scientific top-level design, professional teams and long-term operation foundation, unable to guarantee facilities and data infrastructure, and unable to solve local practical problems. A lot of "empty brain" systems represented by large screen display have been built.

In this regard, we must adhere to deepening supply-side reform, effectively oriented to application demand, and avoid taking the construction of new infrastructure as a face-saving and image project. We must not be greedy, blindly follow the trend, and work fast. We must take into account the dynamic balance between supply and demand, and promote a better combination of a successful government and an effective market. Guide various industries and localities to make reasonable arrangements according to factors such as the development foundation, economic strength, the carrying capacity of resources and the environment and the market capacity, and strengthen the load after completion and use, and the use effect are the key indicators to evaluate its economic and social benefits, so as to avoid the huge risks brought by the "resource misallocation" and "rush and recklessly" of the construction of new infrastructure.

Third, starting from the end, make every effort to do a good job of unified construction and sharing of new infrastructure

(A) The "overall layout" throughout the planning and construction. Adhere to the concept of a system, strengthen cross-level and cross-sector overall planning at the national level, accelerate the establishment of a coordination mechanism for overall planning, joint construction and sharing between fields and regions, introduce development plans for new types of infrastructure in interconnected fields and regions, and accelerate research on the establishment of a new statistical monitoring system for infrastructure, timely release of monitoring and evaluation data. We will provide guidance for the construction of new infrastructure in various fields and regions and prevent investment from overheating. By strengthening planning guidance and central-local linkage, we will guide local governments to rationally carry out new infrastructure construction based on factors such as their own industrial base, economic strength, the carrying capacity of resources and environment, and market capacity, so as to balance supply and demand among regions and sectors. For example, for new infrastructure with high universality and cross-regional sharing such as big data centers and blockchain, it can be considered to strengthen the construction planning and overall planning at the national and regional levels, and avoid blind local construction by strengthening regional demand and supply monitoring data.

(2) The "scene traction" throughout the planning and construction. While strengthening the strategic and forward-looking layout, we must always adhere to the people-oriented, demand-oriented, scenario-oriented, emphasizing both construction and use, and strengthening the use to promote construction, standing on the height of supply-side structural reform, from the perspective of building large-scale new application scenarios support service capabilities, on the one hand, constantly enrich and expand application scenarios. On the other hand, considering the functional positioning, population size and consumption structure at the national, regional and urban levels, we should reasonably determine the focus, order and scale of the layout of new infrastructure planning and construction, give priority to the development of new infrastructure with commercial value, and promote the new infrastructure to continue to take small steps to balance supply and demand. For example, for new infrastructure such as 5G and new energy charging piles that are subject to regional restrictions once they are deployed, it is necessary to fully consider where the facilities are deployed and whether there will be sufficient application needs in the current and foreseeable future.

(3) The "intensive sharing" throughout the planning and construction. Taking full account of the economies of scale and scope of the new infrastructure, such as strong integration and penetration, less time and space restrictions, and high commonality and sharing of facilities, on the one hand, accelerate the simultaneous planning and integration of new infrastructure and traditional infrastructure through planning guidance, normative constraints, evaluation and correction, etc. On the other hand, we will promote the joint construction, sharing and co-governance of new infrastructure on a larger scale. For example, in the planning and construction of highways and urban roads, intelligent road infrastructure can be planned and constructed simultaneously; While planning and construction of water conservancy facilities, intelligent water conservancy infrastructure such as water conservancy perception and monitoring system and intelligent water conservancy brain can be planned and constructed simultaneously. In the location of 5G base station layout, the existing power infrastructure such as power towers and substations can be fully utilized; In terms of charging pile layout, private and special charging piles can be encouraged to share with the society by establishing a standardized fee settlement system.