China's new energy and renewable energy development Program

At the same time, many countries are also taking policy measures to encourage the development and use of clean energy. For example, the Danish government gives 100% of the installation cost to users who install wind turbines, and then gradually reduces it until it is completely eliminated with the progress of wind power generation technology.

In recent years, the international development and utilization of new energy and renewable energy has made great progress. So far, the annual sales volume of solar cells in the world has exceeded 60 MW, the battery conversion efficiency has increased to more than 15%, and the system cost and power generation cost have been reduced to 4 US dollars/peak watt and 25 cents/KWH, respectively. In terms of solar heat utilization, due to the increasing maturity of technology and the increasing scale of application, the annual sales of solar water heaters in the United States alone are more than $1 billion. Solar thermal power generation has also made breakthroughs in technology, and more than 20 large-scale solar thermal power stations are currently in operation or construction.

The rapid progress of wind power technology has basically achieved large-scale production and application. By the end of 1992, the installed capacity of wind power in the world had reached 2.7 million kilowatts, generating 4.7 billion kilowatts of electricity. In recent years, the United States and some European countries are actively developing third-generation wind turbines. This unit has the advantages of light weight, large capacity per unit area, high reliability, low installation cost, and the power generation cost will be reduced to 4-5 cents/KWH.

Biomass energy as a low-carbon energy technology has been widely valued. Britain, Germany, France, Japan, the United States and the former Soviet Union and other countries used anaerobic digestion technology to treat urban and factory sewage as early as the 1950s, which not only controlled pollution, but also obtained energy. Rice husks, bagasse and other agricultural and forestry waste, direct power generation or through pyrolysis gasification heating power generation devices in North America, Western Europe, Japan and Brazil and many other regions and countries are common, in the United States has nearly 4 million kilowatts of installed capacity; The use of liquefaction technology to convert biomass into liquid fuel instead of oil is a long-term desire of scientists, and has been realized in Pakistan, the United States and other countries in the 1980s.

Hydrogen energy as a pollution-free clean energy and energy carrier, in recent years, its development and utilization technology has been highly valued in industrialized countries, and a lot of financial resources have been invested in research work, such as Japan's "Sunshine program" has formulated hydrogen energy development plan, Canada uses rich hydraulic resources to develop and utilize hydrogen energy by electrolysis, and in Europe, nuclear energy is used to develop hydrogen energy technology. By using solar energy, the United States plans to build an urban hydrogen supply system for 300,000 fuel cell vehicles by 2020, and can greatly reduce vehicle energy consumption. The application of hydrogen energy is expected to develop rapidly in the 21st century.

2. Domestic situation

China is rich in new and renewable energy resources: hydropower exploitable resources of 378 million kilowatts, has been developed and utilized 11%; Bio-intelligent resources, including crop stalks, fuelwood and various organic wastes, use about 260 million tons of standard coal, accounting for 70% of rural domestic energy consumption and 50% of the entire energy use; In China's territory of about 6 million square kilometers, the annual total radiation of solar energy exceeds 600,000 joules/square centimeter, and the development and utilization prospects are broad. The total amount of wind energy resources is 1.6 billion kilowatts, about 10% of which can be developed and utilized. The geothermal resources need to be further explored. Currently, the proven geothermal reserves are about 462.6 billion tons of standard coal, and only about one hundred thousand of them are currently used. China is also rich in Marine energy resources, of which more than 20 million kilowatts of tidal energy can be developed.

In the past 20 years, the development and utilization of new energy and renewable energy in China has made great progress, and has become an indispensable part of the real energy system. At present, various types of new energy and renewable energy provide about 300 million tons of standard coal (most of which are biomass energy, which is not included in the current commodity energy statistics), which has played an important role in promoting national economic development and meeting the energy needs of the vast rural and remote areas of people's lives, mainly reflected in:

(1) The development and utilization of small hydropower has achieved world-recognized achievements. By the end of 1993, there were more than 60,000 small hydropower stations in operation nationwide. At present, 97 percent of townships, 92 percent of villages and 87 percent of rural households had access to electricity. As an effective rural energy source, small hydropower plays an important role in the process of realizing rural electrification in China. 109 counties have realized primary rural electrification, and 200 counties are carrying out the second batch of primary rural electrification construction.