China's new energy and renewable energy development Program

(2) The construction of fuelwood forests and the development of fuelwood energy have made remarkable progress in the 13 years since the "Sixth Five-Year Plan". The country has built more than 4.72 million hectares of fuelwood forests, making the total area of China's fuelwood forests reach 5.4 million hectares, and other forests produce about 100 million tons of standard coal annually. The development of fuelwood forests has played a positive role in alleviating the local rural energy shortage, protecting forest resources, forest and grass vegetation cover and ecological environment, and promoting rural economic development.

New developments have been made in the utilization of biomass energy. More than half of the country's farmers have popularized high-efficiency and fuel-saving stoves, which can save 1/3 to 1/2 of fuel consumption every year. Household biogas has overcome the ups and downs in history and entered a stage of stable development, with an annual output of more than 1.2 billion cubic meters of gas in 5.25 million biogas digesters nationwide. As an energy and environmental protection technology, large and medium-sized biogas projects have sprung up and developed rapidly, with more than 600 places of more than 100 cubic meters; The centralized gas supply has reached 84,000 households, and the comprehensive utilization of biogas is closely integrated with ecological agriculture and sustainable rural development, and is booming. In recent years, in order to further improve the utilization of biomass energy technology and improve the utilization efficiency, the research and development of new technologies such as converting agricultural and forestry wastes such as straw into high-quality gases and liquefied fuels has been carried out, and some demonstration projects have been built.

(3) The utilization of solar energy technology has entered a new stage of development. In terms of domestic solar heat utilization, there are mainly solar water heaters, solar stoves, passive solar houses and solar dryers. After the efforts of the past ten years, China's solar thermal utilization in these four areas of technology has been basically passed, scientific and technological achievements to varying degrees into small batch production, with a certain amount of promotion and application coverage, in alleviating the local conventional energy shortage and reducing ecological and environmental deterioration has received effective results. According to incomplete statistics in 1993, the country has promoted solar water heaters of 2.3 million square meters, passive solar houses of 1.8 million square meters, solar crop greenhouses of 342,000 hectares, solar stoves of 140,000 units, solar dryers of 13,200 square meters, and has maintained a momentum of development. Domestic solar water heaters can save an average of 100 to 150 kilograms of standard coal per square meter per year, and passive solar houses can save an average of 20 kilograms per square meter of construction area in the heating period. 40 kg of standard coal, each solar stove can save 500-700 kg of firewood per year, energy saving and social benefits are very obvious.

The application of solar photovoltaic power generation in China began in the 1970s, but it was not until 1982 that it really developed, and seven solar cell production lines were introduced from the United States, Canada and other countries in just a few years from 1983 to 1987. The production capacity of solar cells in China jumped from 200 kilowatts per year before 1984 to 4.5 megawatts in 1988. In terms of application, China's current solar cells are mainly used in communication systems and remote areas without electricity, with annual sales of about 1.1 megawatts. In particular, there are still 28 counties without electricity, thousands of villages without electricity, thousands of islands without electricity, photovoltaic power generation has and will play a more effective role in solving the problem of power supply in these remote and deviant areas. At present, among the nine non-hydraulic and non-electric counties in Tibet, two photovoltaic power stations with a power of 10 kilowatts and 20 kilowatts have been built, and the remaining seven have been included in the national plan and are under construction. In terms of solar cell research, the efficiency of practical monocrystalline silicon cells is 12 to 13%, polycrystalline silicon cells are 9 to 10%, and amorphous silicon cells are 5 to 6%. Although the laboratory level of high-efficiency silicon cells and amorphous cells is not much different from that of foreign countries, it is much worse in terms of conversion to productivity, and the research of some new and potential solar cells is still blank in China.

(4) Development and utilization of wind energy continued. China's total installed wind power capacity reached 26,000 kilowatts. Since the 1980s, 50 watts to 200 watts of micro wind power chassis has been successfully developed and put into mass production, at present, about 120,000 units in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai and other pastoral grasslands and coastal areas without power grid operation, to solve the problem of fishing, herdsmen watching TV and lighting. 1-20 kW medium and small wind turbines have reached the stage of small batch production, and 50-200 kW medium and large wind turbines are currently being developed, and 14 wind farms are under construction. At the same time, two new types of wind water lifters with low head and large flow and high head and small flow have been successfully developed. In addition, progress has been made in the national wind energy resource survey, wind turbine performance test technology, basic theoretical research, comprehensive utilization of wind energy, digestion and absorption of foreign wind turbine technology and wind farm test operation.