Chemical production technology

Chemical industry is the abbreviation of "chemical process", "chemical industry", "chemical engineering" and so on. Where the use of chemical methods to change the composition of substances, structure or synthesis of new substances, all belong to chemical production technology, that is, chemical processes, the resulting products are called chemicals or chemical products. At first, the production of such products were manual workshops, later evolved into factories, and gradually formed a specific production industry, the chemical industry. Chemical engineering is a science that studies the common laws of chemical product production process. The relationship between human and chemical industry is very close, and some chemical products play an epoch-making important role in the history of human development, and their production and application even represent a certain historical stage of human civilization.

Development history:

In order to survive and develop, human beings constantly struggle with nature, gradually deepen their understanding of the surrounding world, and thus master the ability to conquer nature and transform the world. After a long history of practice, human beings are more and more good at making use of natural conditions and creating a rich material world for themselves.

The life of the ancient people depended more on direct use, or extracting what they needed from it. Because the inherent properties of these substances can not meet the needs of people, a variety of processing technologies have been produced, transforming natural substances into new substances with a variety of properties, and gradually put into practice on the scale of industrial production. At first, these products were produced in manual workshops, which later evolved into factories and gradually formed a specific production sector, the chemical industry. With the development of productive forces, some production sectors, such as metallurgy, oil refining, paper making, tanning, etc., have been separated from the chemical industry as independent production sectors. With the vigorous development of large-scale petroleum refining industry and petrochemical industry, chemical engineering, which is based on chemistry, physics and mathematics and combined with other engineering technologies, studies the common laws of chemical production process and solves many engineering and technical problems in scale enlargement and large-scale development, has been further improved. It raises the production of chemical industry to a new level, from the empirical or semi-empirical state into a new stage of theory and prediction (see the history of chemical engineering history), so that the chemical industry, with its creative ability of large-scale production, adds a large amount of material wealth to mankind and speeds up the process of human social development.

The profitability of the major petrochemical sub-industries basically showed a small rebound. Among them, the organic chemical raw material manufacturing industry achieved the main business income of 432.218 billion yuan, an increase of 15.2%, and the total profit of 11.110 billion yuan, an increase of 2.3%; The synthetic resin manufacturing industry achieved the main business income of 242.701 billion yuan, an increase of 13.5%, and the total profit of 8.031 billion yuan, an increase of 11.9%; The synthetic rubber manufacturing industry achieved the main business income of 38.833 billion yuan, an increase of 24.9%, and the total profit of 2.170 billion yuan, an increase of 17.2%; Synthetic fiber monomer (polymerization) manufacturing achieved the main business income of 94.606 billion yuan, down 4.4% year-on-year, and achieved a total profit of 620 million yuan.

From the perspective of major sub-industries, the synthetic fiber monomer (polymerization) manufacturing industry suffered losses due to factors such as a sharp decline in cotton prices. The two largest sub-sectors, organic chemical raw material manufacturing and synthetic resin manufacturing, also experienced a weak rebound in earnings, largely reflecting cold economic fundamentals.

Chemical production

The improvement of the above industrial and agricultural production and life is inseparable from materials. According to statistics, as of 1984, there are about 9 million chemical substances in the world, of which about 43% are materials. Although the number of materials is large, if classified by chemical composition, it can be summarized as metal materials, inorganic non-metallic materials and polymer materials three categories. Composite materials are also listed as the fourth category, or it is regarded as a new class of materials derived from the three categories. In general, except for metals, which are products produced by the metallurgical sector, the rest are materials for chemical production.

Development trend:

China is in the stage of accelerating industrialization and urbanization, and some petroleum and chemical products still have a large room for growth. Private enterprises should find a good entry point and fully participate in the development of the petrochemical industry. Refined oil, potash fertilizer and other segmented industries, olefins, some organic raw materials and other products with a large gap, natural gas, light hydrocarbons and other low-carbon new materials, new special chemicals and other high-end products, will be the "12th Five-Year" period with greater room for growth in the field. In the petrochemical downstream industry, the "Twelfth Five-Year" period should develop high-end organic raw materials, synthetic resins, synthetic rubber, coal to natural gas, etc., and accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity of traditional coal chemical industry. During the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, the scale of the petroleum and chemical industries will continue to grow steadily, and the average annual growth rate of the total output value will reach more than 10%. By 2015, the total output value of the whole industry has increased to about 16 trillion yuan. Over the past decade, China's petroleum and chemical industries have grown at an average annual rate of 20.6%, and by the end of 2010, the total output value of the petroleum and chemical industries reached 8.88 trillion yuan. At present, China's industrialization process has not been completed, urbanization is in a period of rapid development, housing, transportation development of energy, raw materials to form a large-scale demand, the future for a long period of time, the petroleum and chemical industry still has a large space for development. Petrochemical and chemical industries are key areas supported by the state. Specifically, during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the petrochemical focus on the development of residuum boiling bed hydrogenation, suspended bed hydrogenation, flexible coking, heavy oil catalytic cracking and other technologies, clean fuel technology in line with the national Ⅴ standard, catalytic cracking flue gas desulfurization and denitrification technology, ethylene unit cracking, separation, cryocooling, rectification and other advanced control and optimization technology and by-product comprehensive utilization technology, aromatic production complete sets of technology, High performance technology of synthetic resin and synthetic rubber, production technology of special synthetic fiber, new molecular sieve material, catalyst carrier and new preparation technology, etc.