Chemical production technology

Chemical industry is the abbreviation of "chemical process", "chemical industry", "chemical engineering" and so on. Where the use of chemical methods to change the composition of substances, structure or synthesis of new substances, all belong to chemical production technology, that is, chemical processes, the resulting products are called chemicals or chemical products. At first, the production of such products were manual workshops, later evolved into factories, and gradually formed a specific production industry, the chemical industry. Chemical engineering is a science that studies the common laws of chemical product production process. The relationship between human and chemical industry is very close, and some chemical products play an epoch-making important role in the history of human development, and their production and application even represent a certain historical stage of human civilization.

Development history:

In order to survive and develop, human beings constantly struggle with nature, gradually deepen their understanding of the surrounding world, and thus master the ability to conquer nature and transform the world. After a long history of practice, human beings are more and more good at making use of natural conditions and creating a rich material world for themselves.

The life of the ancient people depended more on direct use, or extracting what they needed from it. Because the inherent properties of these substances can not meet the needs of people, a variety of processing technologies have been produced, transforming natural substances into new substances with a variety of properties, and gradually put into practice on the scale of industrial production. At first, these products were produced in manual workshops, which later evolved into factories and gradually formed a specific production sector, the chemical industry. With the development of productive forces, some production sectors, such as metallurgy, oil refining, paper making, tanning, etc., have been separated from the chemical industry as independent production sectors. With the vigorous development of large-scale petroleum refining industry and petrochemical industry, chemical engineering, which is based on chemistry, physics and mathematics and combined with other engineering technologies, studies the common laws of chemical production process and solves many engineering and technical problems in scale enlargement and large-scale development, has been further improved. It raises the production of chemical industry to a new level, from the empirical or semi-empirical state into a new stage of theory and prediction (see the history of chemical engineering history), so that the chemical industry, with its creative ability of large-scale production, adds a large amount of material wealth to mankind and speeds up the process of human social development.

The profitability of the major petrochemical sub-industries basically showed a small rebound. Among them, the organic chemical raw material manufacturing industry achieved the main business income of 432.218 billion yuan, an increase of 15.2%, and the total profit of 11.110 billion yuan, an increase of 2.3%; The synthetic resin manufacturing industry achieved the main business income of 242.701 billion yuan, an increase of 13.5%, and the total profit of 8.031 billion yuan, an increase of 11.9%; The synthetic rubber manufacturing industry achieved the main business income of 38.833 billion yuan, an increase of 24.9%, and the total profit of 2.170 billion yuan, an increase of 17.2%; Synthetic fiber monomer (polymerization) manufacturing achieved the main business income of 94.606 billion yuan, down 4.4% year-on-year, and achieved a total profit of 620 million yuan.

From the perspective of major sub-industries, the synthetic fiber monomer (polymerization) manufacturing industry suffered losses due to factors such as a sharp decline in cotton prices. The two largest sub-sectors, organic chemical raw material manufacturing and synthetic resin manufacturing, also experienced a weak rebound in earnings, largely reflecting cold economic fundamentals.

Chemical production

The improvement of the above industrial and agricultural production and life is inseparable from materials. According to statistics, as of 1984, there are about 9 million chemical substances in the world, of which about 43% are materials. Although the number of materials is large, if classified by chemical composition, it can be summarized as metal materials, inorganic non-metallic materials and polymer materials three categories. Composite materials are also listed as the fourth category, or it is regarded as a new class of materials derived from the three categories. In general, except for metals, which are products produced by the metallurgical sector, the rest are materials for chemical production.

Development trend: