Family pension status and policy suggestions

Therefore, the phenomenon of "high vacancy rate, low occupancy rate" in elderly care institutions has certain inevitability.

2. The effective supply of community elderly care is seriously insufficient

Due to the insufficient supply of government funds, the shortage of nursing facilities, the lack of professionals and other reasons, the community elderly care resources are insufficient. In addition, community domestic staff often do not have the ability of professional day care, medical care and psychological counseling, and it is difficult to provide services for disabled elderly people who are sick in bed, cognitive decline, and can not take care of themselves, resulting in a serious shortage of community elderly care service capacity and effective supply.

3. Various reasons lead to difficulties in family support

First, social changes have caused many obstacles to the traditional family pension

According to the latest demographic data, the existing households in China are mainly two-person households and three-person households, and the average size is 2.97 people/household. It can be seen that the so-called "421" family is only a theoretical concept, and in reality it is actually composed of 2-3 small families living separately, and these small families usually do not live close to each other, or even far apart.

Due to social and economic development, the average life expectancy has increased greatly, while the fertility rate has continued to decline, and the population structure has presented an inverted pyramid, with the proportion of children and young people shrinking and the proportion of the elderly increasing.

The increase in the elderly population and the trend of small households seem unrelated, but it is precisely this reason that directly led to the hungry old man in Nanjing "balcony cry for help". Obviously, the "big family" of the elderly in the report is that the parents and children live separately, and the children do not have enough time and can not take care of the elderly immediately. At the same time, the demand for elderly care is large and the nursing staff is insufficient, and the cost of transportation time and the obstacle of immediate care are increased, the realistic feasibility of family elderly care is facing a great test.

Second, social changes make traditional family support lose the necessary social supervision

With the acceleration of national construction, demolition and transformation, the flow of working population becomes very frequent, and the traditional "acquaintance society" is gradually disintegrating. In the long run, a modern social neighborhood psychology of "self-cleaning" is formed, making it difficult for the internal contradictions of individual families to be known to the outside world. In terms of filial piety, old-age care and support of children, the pressure of traditional public opinion and the binding force of clan patriarchal law are almost zero. That is, the children's responsibility of caring for the disabled elderly has almost no necessary social supervision.

Third, the decline of filial piety and the prevalence of personal hedonism in traditional families make it more difficult to provide for the elderly

In traditional societies, filial piety requires children to show their filial piety to their parents from the bottom of their hearts and take good care of their elders no matter what the cost. Children who do not fulfill the responsibility of caring for their parents will be punished by the clan patriarchal system and criticized by the public opinion. However, with the rapid evolution of urbanization and modernization, the traditional filial piety culture has gradually been eroded by individualism, consumerism and hedonism culture, coupled with the only child has been coddled for a long time, the lack of respect for the old and love the young, care for the family concept, "filial piety" dilution, indifference, unwilling to take care of the disabled elderly is not uncommon, the traditional filial piety standard has almost withdrawn from the social stage.

Fourth, family caregivers are overwhelmed by both economic and spiritual pressures.

The economic pressure of family caregivers comes from two aspects: direct economic costs and indirect economic losses. Direct economic expenses mainly refer to the basic living expenses and labor remuneration of the caregivers. Indirect economic loss is that the caregiver cannot engage in paid work because of caring for the disabled elderly, or has to ask for leave frequently, absenteeism and so on, resulting in loss of salary income or loss of promotion opportunities. In addition, long-term high-intensity care has a significant impact on the physical health of caregivers, and long-term daily contact with disabled elderly people will inevitably produce negative emotions such as loneliness, loss, hopelessness, depression, and bring mental pressure. When the huge mental pressure can not be relieved, any small conflict in the care process will become the fuse of the caregiver's emotional loss of control, and the above "crazy fan the old mother in the hospital" is probably this bad event.