Family pension status and policy suggestions

First, the current situation and problems of pension in China

1. The aging society has a huge demand for old-age care

According to a statistics by the Ministry of Civil Affairs, as of the end of 2015, China's population over 60 years old has reached 222 million, accounting for 16.1% of the total population, of which 65 years old and above 140 million, accounting for 10.5%, of which disabled elderly more than 40 million.

2. The phenomenon of "high vacancy rate and low occupancy rate" in elderly care institutions is prominent

According to the Ministry of Civil Affairs "Research Report on the Development of China's Elderly Care Institutions", by the end of 2014, there were 33,043 elderly care institutions in China, with 5.514 million elderly care beds, 26 beds per 1,000 elderly people, but the phenomenon of "high vacancy rate and low occupancy rate" in elderly care institutions is prominent, and the vacancy rate of elderly care institutions in China is as high as 48%. The proportion of pension institutions with a profit surplus was 19.4%, 32.5% suffered losses, and 48.1% was basically flat.

3. The capacity of community elderly care services is seriously insufficient

According to the Statistical Bulletin on the Development of Social Services of the Ministry of Civil Affairs in 2014, by the end of 2014, there were 18,927 community service institutions and facilities for the elderly, with 5.778 million community nursing beds, or 27.2 nursing beds for every 1,000 elderly people, including 1.875 million community residential and day care beds. However, in the face of the service needs of 40 million disabled elderly people who need professional care, the number of service institutions, the number of beds, the nursing staff and the professionalism of the service are obviously insufficient.

4. Family support for disabled elderly people is in general difficulties

Under the influence of traditional culture, the elderly in our country tend to rely on their families for old age. According to the "Questionnaire Survey on Harmonious Family Construction in China" conducted by the All-China Women's Federation in 2010, the preferred way for the elderly to provide for the elderly is to rely on relatives for the elderly, followed by community and institutional care. However, due to China's family planning policy to effectively control the rapid population growth, low birth rate, low death rate has formed China's typical "421", "422" families, on the one hand, the elderly tend to family pension, on the other hand due to family economic pressure and children less employment pressure, such as serious shortage of family pension resources, and the contradiction can not be solved in a short time.

5. The existing pension policy has little effect, and there is a lack of supporting policies for family pension

As we all know, the economic burden of long-term care for disabled elderly is extremely heavy, and the national policy concerning the elderly has certain subsidies for the economically difficult elderly and disabled elderly, but there is no family support policy. For example, the Notice of the National Office for Aging on Establishing and Improving a subsidy system for the Elderly with economic difficulties and Disabilities clearly defines the scope of subsidies for the elderly with economic difficulties and disabilities identified by civil affairs departments and medical and health institutions at or above the county level, in the form of cash or vouchers. According to the level of local economic development, price changes and financial status, the amount of subsidies shall be independently determined to give disabled elderly pension subsidies. Obviously, this kind of economic giving is negative, seemingly easing the economic burden of living and medical treatment for some disabled elderly people, but because of the setting of policy thresholds, the benefit is small, and the family pension is not taken into account, which will inevitably lead to low efficiency or no obvious effect of the policy.

Second, thinking and analysis

(1) Problem analysis

1. Institutional elderly care

There are three main reasons for the "high vacancy rate and low occupancy rate" of elderly care institutions:

First of all, taking 2016 as an example, the average monthly fee level of Wuxi pension institutions is 3,134 yuan, while the basic pension level of enterprise retirees is 2,230 yuan per month. Due to the high cost of construction and operation of nursing institutions, it is unrealistic to blindly reduce the occupancy charges of nursing institutions. The pension of the disabled elderly is insufficient to cover the cost of staying in the institution, and if the family cannot help pay for it, the elderly cannot stay in the institution.

Second, the huge gap of nursing care human resources is a global problem, and our country is no exception. Due to inadequate nursing staff, many elderly people do not choose institutional nursing for quality and safety reasons.

Third, nursing care institutions are not the home of the elderly after all, and the family warmth and comfort "habits" that the elderly want are difficult to meet.