Family pension status and policy suggestions

Fifth, the lack of care skills and equipment makes the efficiency of family elderly care half the result.

To take care of disabled elderly people, it is necessary to master the necessary nursing knowledge and skills, and the technical difficulties in nursing often make children feel powerless to take care of disabled elderly people. In addition, the average family usually does not have the professional facilities and equipment to care for the disabled elderly, especially for families with poor economic conditions, it is a challenge.

4. Family pension social policy

Taking the Notice of the Ministry of Civil Affairs' National Office for the Elderly on Establishing and Improving the Subsidy System for the Elderly with economic difficulties and Disability as an example, China's current social welfare policy focuses on helping economically difficult families and marginalized vulnerable groups without family support, such as the urban and rural minimum living security system, the rural five guarantees system, and the homeless and begging assistance policy. Regarding elderly care, the current policy lacks the following two considerations:

First, only financial assistance is provided to disabled elderly people, but there is a lack of understanding of the actual needs of disabled elderly people and their family functions, and there is no elderly care service assistance for this group (disabled care needs not only money, but also nursing services and their family development ability). The cumbersome system declaration procedure design ignores the fact that social changes have brought about the fragility of families, and limited economic subsidies are difficult to reduce the economic burden of disabled elderly people.

Second, for disabled elderly people with families, the government will only give necessary emergency intervention when their families have major crises or difficulties. However, due to the need to pay time and energy to take care of the disabled elderly, low-income non-subsistence families have to temporarily stop their bread-supporting work, resulting in the interruption of economic resources and difficulties. However, in this case, because they have a family, they cannot enjoy social security policies, and their family living standard will even be lower than that of the marginal groups covered by the policies, and the family will become an obstacle to enjoying policy support.

(2) Analysis of the necessity of supporting and developing family elderly care

In 2011, 90% of the elderly over the age of 60 in Germany lived in their own homes for the aged, 6.7% lived at home to receive family care or mobile care services, and 3.3% lived in nursing institutions for the aged [1]. In order to cope with the increasingly severe aging situation, Shanghai explored, proposed and improved the "9073" elderly care service pattern during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, that is, 90% of the elderly are self-cared by their families, 7% receive community home care services, and 3% live in institutional care [2]. Thus, it is necessary to vigorously support and develop family care for the elderly.

In the social governance model, consider "equal and free flexible placement space", reasonable distribution and protection of the rights and freedoms of the elderly, which is the inevitable requirement of building a socialist harmonious society. Under such requirements, family pension has three irreplaceable advantages

First, the tradition of filial piety and the irreplaceability of family support

The traditional way of supporting the elderly with filial piety culture has been directly undertaken by the family for more than two thousand years, and has long been deeply rooted in the thinking of Chinese people. In the aging population, "social pension" is limited to the level of economic development at present, "family pension" has advantages. The academic community has been calling for the socialization of family pension, "In fact, whether it is co-living 'family pension', separated 'family pension', or 'family pension' socialization, the economic source of pension mainly depends on individuals and families, even in the socialization of 'family pension', it seems that the function of pension has shifted from the family to the society, in fact, the family purchases pension resources. The way that society gradually assumes the function of old-age care is still 'family old-age care' in the final analysis."

Whether from the basic national conditions of "getting old before getting rich", or from the family relationship of the elderly, it is not feasible and realistic to entrust the elderly to the society. Family pension security is based on the family as the main body, according to the family to the elderly support, care and other functions, to provide physical and mental security for the elderly. Social old-age security is based on the state or government as the main body, according to the law, through the redistribution of national income, to provide material assistance to the elderly who have temporarily or permanently lost the ability to work. Social pension security "avoids the interruption, reduction or loss of income of the elderly members of society due to old working ability or loss of job opportunities that affect their basic life" [4]. The elderly care system is based on family pension security and supplemented by social pension security. In the elderly care system, family and relative groups are the backbone of the care system. When the elderly need help due to physical decline, they voluntarily or compulsorily provide care for the elderly. The care they provide belongs to the family's old-age security function and can be called alternative social security function.