What is a smart mine? What problem can be solved?

Generally speaking, smart mines and traditional mines are like smart phones and feature phones. Feature phones can only be used for voice calls, while smart phones have a variety of software automatic management and high-speed communication functions. Traditional mines are stupid and rely on manual work; The smart mine is based on the premise and basis of digitization and informationization of the mine, active perception, automatic analysis and rapid processing of mine production, occupational health and safety, technical support and logistics support, etc., to build a smart mine, and finally realize the construction of a safe mine, an unmanned mine, an efficient mine and a clean mine. At present, China has more than 4,000 coal mines, mining geological conditions are poor, landslides, flooding, gas explosions and other accidents prone to large safety risks, low mining efficiency, high labor costs, pain points have long restricted the development of the coal industry. Therefore, how to improve the informatization and intelligent operation level of coal enterprises and fully build a safe, green, efficient and intelligent mine has become a highly concerned issue in the whole industry. The mission of the smart mine is derived from this. The development of smart phones comes from the traditional mobile phone industry, and the development of smart mines comes from the traditional mining industry. From wired phones to multi-functional smart phones, from 2G to 5G, smart phones have completely become an extension of people in contemporary society. Smart mine is also the development and application of various new technologies on the basis of existing mines, and the continuous development and improvement of new concepts to achieve mine intelligence. At present, the development prospects of smart mines are broad, and the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Intelligent Development of Coal mines" issued by the eight Ministries and commissions of the State Council in March 2020 proposed that by 2035, all types of coal mines will basically achieve intelligence, build a multi-industry chain and multi-system integrated coal mine intelligent system, and build an intelligent coal mine intelligent system with intelligent perception, intelligent decision-making and automatic execution. At present, intelligent coal mining is still in the demonstration stage, suitable for better working conditions, with the improvement of the technical level, the next 10-20 years or will be widely used.

Although the smart mine is a new concept, but its development is based on the achievements of mine automation, information, digitization, the development process of China's smart mine can be roughly divided into the following stages: (1) mechanization stage. China from the introduction of fully mechanized mining equipment in the 1970s, the implementation of comprehensive mechanized mining in the 1980s, to the development of large-scale coal mine machinery and equipment, to achieve the localization of coal machinery and equipment, coal machinery and equipment manufacturing in the world's leading ranks. Coal machine mainly includes boring machine, shearer, scraper transport, hydraulic support and so on. By 2018, the mechanization level of coal mining in China had reached 78.5 percent, a significant increase from 32.3 percent in 1978. The total installed power of shearer reaches nearly 3000kW, the cutting power reaches 1150kW, the cutting height breaks through 8.8m, and the production capacity reaches 4500t/h, reaching the world's leading level. (2) Integrated automation stage. In the early 21st century, the integrated platform and the 3DGIS digital platform were applied, and high-speed network channels were formed, realizing primary data processing, primary system linkage, and comprehensive information release. With the continuous update of electrical automation technology, in the control of mechanical equipment, electro-hydraulic control technology continues to develop. Coal mining automation technology has been widely used in coal mining enterprises, which can not only improve the production efficiency of coal enterprises, but also reduce labor costs.

(3) Mine intelligent stage. BIM technology, big data technology, 5G, and cloud computing technology have been applied to achieve local closed-loop operation, multi-system linkage, professional decision-making, closed-loop operation system, remote diagnosis and maintenance, intelligent decision analysis, and system prediction and prediction. It is gradually developing from the intelligence of a single system to the intelligence of a multi-system, building an intelligent coal mine system with intelligent perception, intelligent decision-making and automatic execution, and initially forming a smart mine with spatial digitization, information integration, equipment interconnection, virtual-real integration and control network.

It can be seen that the development of smart mines from mechanization to automation, and then to the intelligence of the industry 4.0 era, more and more unmanned. The development of mining information construction in China today, although all kinds of subsystems have basically realized the network integration, but the massive data obtained by each system can not be effectively shared and integrated analysis, this mode of each system fighting for itself, makes "information island" in the mining industry is extremely prominent. In order to solve this problem, a large number of intelligent devices (chips, digital sensors, broadband communication capabilities) are needed to help the mine achieve a "qualitative breakthrough", and the new information infrastructure is particularly important.