Efficient and clean use of fossil energy under the "double carbon" goal

Industrial kiln. Coal is the main fuel and raw material of metallurgy, building materials and other basic industries, China's industrial furnace stock is huge, but due to backward technology and process equipment and other reasons, there are widespread problems such as low system thermal efficiency, high energy consumption, poor fuel adaptability, and high original pollutant emission concentration. Taking cement as an example, the number of dry cement clinker production lines in the country is about 1 500; The thermal efficiency of the core equipment of these production lines is generally low, the energy saving potential is large, and most of them have not achieved ultra-low emission of conventional pollutants, and discharged a large amount of CO2. In 2020, China's cement clinker output is 1.579 billion tons, cement output is 2.377 billion tons, and CO2 emissions from the cement industry account for nearly 14.3% of the total national emissions. The CO2 emissions of tons of cement and tons of cement clinker are about 616.6 kg and 865.8 kg respectively, and the emission reduction task is arduous. Therefore, the field of industrial furnaces is in urgent need of transformative technologies to promote the direction of energy conservation, environmental protection and effective improvement of resource utilization.

Coal conversion technology

In 2020, China's coal chemical industry (including coking) will use about 797 million tons of standard coal, accounting for about 28% of the country's coal consumption. According to the estimation of CO2 generated by the production process of coal conversion into chemical products, the annual CO2 emission is about 677 million tons, accounting for about 5.75% of the national carbon emissions.

In the past 10 years, China's coal conversion technology has made remarkable progress, mainly developing coal to clean fuels (such as coal to oil and coal to natural gas, etc.) and bulk and special chemicals (such as coal to methanol, olefin, ethylene glycol, etc.) two major categories of technology and products. The largest single coal processing capacity of China's coal gasification plant has reached 4 000 tons/day, which supports the development of modern coal chemical industry.

Coal to clean fuel. In the coal-to-oil field, a number of technology demonstration projects with independent intellectual property rights have been completed and put into operation. At present, 10 sets of coal-to-oil projects have been completed, and major projects such as indirect coal liquefaction of 4 million tons/year and direct coal liquefaction of 1.08 million tons/year have been successfully operated.

In terms of coal-to-natural gas, China has built four sets of coal-to-natural gas demonstration and industrialization projects, but low-cost coal gasification technology and methanation technology are still in the research and development stage, so the economic benefits of coal-to-synthetic natural gas products are poor, limiting the promotion and application.

Coal to bulk and specialty chemicals. Coal to olefin, coal to ethylene glycol and other technologies have made breakthroughs, has built 32 sets of coal (methanol) to olefin, 24 sets of coal to ethylene glycol demonstration and industrialization promotion projects, successful operation of 1.37 million tons/year coal to olefin and other large-scale modern coal chemical plant.

China's coal chemical industry technology is generally in the world's leading level, but large coal consumption, hard to deal with solid waste, carbon emission problems are still facing the development of China's coal chemical industry. In the coupled utilization of coal conversion, coal to special fuels, coal to oxygen compounds and other high-value compounds and degradable materials, there is still a need to further breakthrough key technologies, the formation of advanced complete sets of process technology, to achieve clean and efficient utilization of coal, and ensure oil and gas safety.

Oil and natural gas utilization technology

In 2020, the carbon emissions of China's oil and natural gas industry will account for 20.8% of the total carbon emissions, and the pressure to reduce emissions is greater under the "double carbon" goal.

Oil. The upstream and downstream carbon emissions of the petroleum and petrochemical industry chain account for a relatively high proportion, among which petroleum exploitation and refining are prominent processes with high energy consumption and high carbon emissions. In oil downstream applications, the use of petroleum fuel properties occupies a dominant position, while the proportion of chemicals is relatively low (generally less than 20%). Under the "dual carbon" goal, with the development of energy consumption from fuel to electrification, the fuel attribute of oil in terminal consumption will be greatly weakened in the future, and traditional oil utilization modes such as transportation oil will be gradually replaced by electrification. Therefore, the oil utilization process faces the pressure of energy efficiency improvement, substantial carbon reduction and deep adjustment of product structure.