Promote the transformation of mining ecological civilization with "Mine green Development index"

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has raised the construction of ecological civilization to an unprecedented new height, and the construction of green mines, the development of green mining, and the coordinated development of mining development and ecological civilization have risen to the national will.

In recent years, the Ministry of Natural Resources has taken the construction of green mines as an important part of promoting the construction of ecological civilization in the mining field, has issued a series of policies and measures, and issued nine major industries green mine construction standards, which has played an important role in promoting the green development of the mining industry and the transformation of ecological civilization.

The green development of the mining industry is a systematic project, involving the whole process before (mine construction survey, exploration, evaluation, planning), during (mine construction and development) and after (mine geological environment management and ecological restoration after mine closure). However, due to the constraints of various factors and the limitation of the word "mine", in the current process of promoting green mining, green mine construction can only focus on the mine under construction, and there is a lack of effective means for scientific demonstration before mine construction and ecological restoration and management after mine closure. There is no green development mechanism for the whole industrial chain and the whole life cycle from the establishment of mining rights planning to the development and utilization until the closure of the pit, resulting in many localities and mining enterprises only focusing on the process, especially the ecological restoration and management after the event, without strengthening the scientific setting and effective control in advance.

As a national team, the Chengdu Institute of Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources of China Geological Survey of the Ministry of Natural Resources takes the construction of ecological civilization in the mining field as its responsibility, supports the management of natural resources and mining as its starting point, gives full play to the unique advantages accumulated over the years in the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources industry, and puts forward the idea of building a "green development index of mines" system, which is refreshing. This not only enriches the connotation of green mine construction, broadens the field of green mine construction, but also lays a theoretical foundation for the mining industry to achieve green development and take the road of industrial ecology and ecological industrialization. Recently, the reporter of China Mining News interviewed Hu Zesong, director of the Chengdu Institute of Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources of China Geological Survey, Ministry of Natural Resources.

Technicians from Chengdu Institute of Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources carry out soil ecological restoration around the mine

China Mining News: What is the "Mine Green Development Index"? What is the background behind this idea?

Hu Zesong: "Mine Green Development Index" is to establish a set of comprehensive evaluation system for the green development of the mining industry, on the basis of scientifically setting the "necessary conditions" for mineral development, through high-value, low-consumption, environmentally friendly and recoverable mining activities, safeguard the red line and keep the bottom line, achieve green and sustainable development of the mining industry, and promote the ecological civilization transformation of the mining industry. The ultimate goal of its pursuit is economic and efficient mineral development, mine waste standards and control, mining ecological source restoration.

"Clear water and green mountains are gold and silver mountains."  Exploring the establishment of "mine green development index" is a vivid practice to implement the "two mountains" discussion and realize the transformation of ecological civilization in the mining industry, an inevitable requirement for the sustainable development and high-quality development of the mining economy, and also the responsibility and obligation of the units directly under the China Geological Survey of the Ministry of Natural Resources to support the management of natural resources.

China Mining News: What basic principles should be followed to establish the "Mine Green Development Index" system?

Hu Zesong: Mining development is a major issue involving the social value options and games of "Jinshan Silver Mountain" and "green water and green mountains". The high-value mining development is both the material foundation and the behavior guarantee. The low-value mining development can not bring "gold and silver mountains", let alone "green mountains", but will cause damage to the ecological environment. "Green water and green mountains" is "gold mountain and silver mountain", which refers to the high-value mining development. Through high-value, low-consumption, environment-friendly and recoverable mining activities, the coordination and unification of "green water and green mountains" and "Gold Mountain and silver Mountain" can be realized, so that the mining development can follow the requirements of national political construction and cultural construction, and follow the laws of economic construction, social construction and ecological construction. Serve the construction of beautiful China.

The establishment of "mine green development index" is to serve the government's mining management function by setting up "necessary conditions" for mine development, so as to ensure green development from the source, which is also a beneficial supplement to the construction of green mines.

To establish the "mine green development index" system, we must use the method of "rule of law thinking" and "bottom line thinking", focus on keeping the red line and protecting the bottom line, reflect the government's macro management will, and reflect the national will of national asset management supervision of mountains, forests, fields, lakes and grasses. The "Mine green development index" system is the necessary technical support for government mining management and the necessary technical means to keep the bottom line of management. "Mine Green Development Index" can be released to the public in an annual manner, which has become the basis for the whole society to carry out mining development activities.

The establishment of the "mine green development index" system should take the value of raw ore as the economic attribute, the property of mine as the mining attribute, the property of mineral as the process attribute, the social development as the investment attribute, the environmental capacity as the guarantee attribute, and the recovery of the mine as the guarantee attribute, and form an evaluation system of "necessary conditions" for mine development that accurately selects the value of mine development and utilization. Support the government's management functions such as the establishment of mining rights. In this case, "economic attributes" are the benchmark, and other "attributes" are the correction parameters of the benchmark. On the premise of meeting the "necessary conditions" for mine development, enterprises and society are encouraged to participate in mine development activities through the licensing system, and the "sufficient conditions" for mine development and utilization are formulated and optimized by the main body of mining development in accordance with the principles of technology, capital, environment, market, management and other allocation, and organize the implementation of mine development plans.

The establishment of the "mine green development index" system is to prohibit low-value mining development activities and encourage high-value mining development activities through the evaluation of mine development value, so as to lay the material foundation for the realization of "green water and green mountains".

China Mining News: "Mine Green Development Index" as a new research and development direction of the mining industry, should follow what ideas and methods?

Hu Zesong: First, the establishment of "mine green development index" should be simple, scientific and operable. In line with the principles of fairness and openness, objective science, simple and pragmatic, highlight the solution of major contradictions, do not seek perfection blame, guide the establishment of "mine development index" impact factors and data collection, minimize the subjective judgment factors, improve the authority of government information release.

The "Mine Green Development Index" system includes the following impact factors:

- Raw ore value factor: the weighted composition of the value of the available minerals, which can be released regularly with reference to the international metal and non-affiliated markets;

-- Mining factors: taking stripping and mining ratio as the main parameters to determine the mining influence factors;

Mineral process factors: using process particle size and "fatal impurity" content as the main parameters to determine the mineral availability impact factors;

-- Mining investment factor: taking the GDP of mining area as the main parameter, determining the impact factor of mine investment efficiency;

-- Environmental bearing factors: The average annual rainfall is used as the main parameter to determine the environmental bearing factors of mines;

- Mine recovery factor: The ratio of the amount of available minerals to the amount of waste generated by processing is the main parameter to determine the impact factor of mine recovery.

The above "impact factor" data is mainly collected from trading market announcements, special government announcements, national or industry technical standards and specific mine technical reports. Through the evaluation model of the correlation and tightness of the "impact factors", the "mine green development index" is evaluated comprehensively.

Second, the research idea should be based on the existing mine geological report, development and utilization plan, environmental assessment and safety assessment report, and the research should be carried out according to the "six factors" and the corresponding impact. Study the grade division of each impact factor and the weight ratio among the impact factors, assist computer network technology, establish the impact factor evaluation model, and form a simple, practical, operable and guiding "mine green development index" system.

Third, the implementation steps should first solve the problem of "no", take the principle of focusing on research and demonstration, centralized training, and hierarchical implementation, and launch the 1.0 version of the "Mine development index" of key minerals as soon as possible within two years; Then solve the problem of "good or not", find the problem, focus on the problem, solve the problem, optimize the impact factor evaluation model, and then use 3 to 5 years to upgrade the "mine development index" of key minerals to the practical version, and achieve full coverage of major minerals.

We will carry out soil ecological restoration work

China Mining News: What are the characteristics of sustainable mining activities? What profound impact will the "Green Mining Index" have on the development of green mining?

Hu Zesong: Sustainable mining activities are characterized by:

First, the basic feature of green mining is not to lose the natural ecological attributes of the mine, the moderate development of the concept of ecological civilization construction must replace the predatory excessive development of fishing, and the blind pursuit of high index "three rates" is inappropriate.

Second, whether mining activities are in line with sustainable development, the key lies in the full cost coverage of the value of mining activities, including ecological costs and environmental costs, so high-value mining activities have the basic characteristics of sustainable development.

Third, money can not buy the environment, ecological costs, environmental costs must be paid in the process of mining development activities. Therefore, in the new era, the new stage, we should reflect on our past mining development concept.

First, establish a new concept of resource utilization. Re-examine the environmental ecological value of "mining rich and abandoning poor", "making full use of", "low-grade mine utilization" and "tailings utilization", determine the reasonable development margin based on the "mine green development index", build the ecological restoration as the goal of mining activities and green "three rates" system, to prevent excessive and predatory mining development activities.

The second is to use the concept of mining ecological restoration to guide mining activities, avoid damage and restoration, promote environmental ecological restoration in mining activities, not only pay attention to the extraction and processing of economic mineral components, but also pay attention to the removal of minerals that affect the ecological environment and harm the environment, and gradually prohibit the environmental ecological restoration after mining activities. For example, the scientific stripping of layers in open-pit mining, and how to rationally match the dry pile of tailings and the stripping of mine to backfill, which involves the ideas of the construction of waste dumps and tailings ponds. Mining activities must be closely combined with ecological construction, and the mine environmental restoration plan must be demonstrated, filed, implemented, inspected and accepted with the mine development plan. The establishment of mine ecological deposit and the corresponding insurance system to effectively ensure that the "mine environmental restoration plan and mine development plan" is not only the basis for the approval of mining development projects, but also the basis for mining enterprises to operate according to law and compliance, and the basis for the supervision and inspection of mining management departments.

Third, develop green mining technology. Including green mining exploration technology, green mining production technology, mine ecological restoration technology, to form a corresponding standardized system.

All in all, exploring the establishment of the "mine green mining index" system is a bold attempt based on the green development of the whole life cycle of the mining industry, is a beneficial supplement and improvement of the current green mine construction, and is also an urgent need for the transformation of the mining industry to achieve ecological civilization, and should be one of the development directions of China's mining industry under the new ecological situation.