How to avoid the risk of open-pit mining, 24 prevention and control points to ensure production safety



In recent years, the rapid development of the stone industry in China, stone mines have also expanded, stone mines can be seen everywhere in China, and the new mines have not been significantly reduced because of the severity of the national environmental protection storm. Although China's stone mines have a certain level of safety management, due to the increasing number of stone mines, coupled with China's higher education and vocational education, there is no stone mine professional, resulting in a serious shortage of professionals engaged in stone mine management, especially the stone mine safety management personnel are even more scarce, and safety accidents in stone mines are often heard. Stone mining has a certain negative effect on the stone industry.

The safety management level of stone mines should be improved, personnel engaged in the safety management of stone mines, and even those engaged in the production of stone mines should understand and understand the identification and prevention knowledge of stone mine safety risk points, and apply this knowledge to daily work to form a "firewall" of safe production. Only in this way can we ensure zero casualty accidents in stone mining, in order to ensure the sustainable development of stone mines and the prosperity of stone mining enterprises.

The safety risk points described in this paper mainly refer to the links and factors that are easy to lead to safety accidents in the production of open-pit stone mines. If these links and factors are identified early and measures are taken to control and prevent them, the occurrence of safety accidents can be greatly reduced to ensure the safety of mining personnel, equipment, property, forests, plants and the environment around the mine.

First, open-pit stone mine road safety risk points and prevention and control

Open-pit stone mine road is an important link between the stone mining area and the outside world, the external production material to be transported into the mining area, mining area mined out of the raw material to be shipped outside sales, no road, stone mine production will stagnate. Because the mining characteristics of stone mines are temporary, few mining for decades. Therefore, the life of the road can not be long-term, and the cost of building a road is very high, few stone companies are willing to spend a lot of money to build a high-grade road, which also leads to the road of open-pit stone mines there is a greater safety risk, is a focus of open-pit stone mine safety risk control. First, there are safety risks on the mining road during the mining process, and the vehicles are destroyed and the losses are great. Figure 1 shows a winding road leading to a quarry at the top of the hill.

1, stone open-pit mine road construction requirements

Open-pit mine road design specifications mainly have the following points:

(1) Design specification requirements for turning radius

In order to ensure the road safety of stone mines, the construction of mine roads should be strictly in accordance with the requirements of road design specifications. When the mine is developed by road transportation, the road construction is designed in accordance with the requirements of GB22-87.

Mine highway roadbed width is not less than 5.5m, road width is not less than 3.5m; The roadbed width of the staggered road section is not less than 11m, the road width is not less than 7m, and the bend radius of the mining road is not less than 15m.

(2) Design specification requirements for slope

The maximum slope of the mine road is not greater than 9%, and the heavy truck downhill is allowed to increase by 1%. When the slope of the mine road is 8%-9%, the longitudinal slope length shall not exceed 200m, and the length of the gentle slope section shall not be less than 50m.

(3) Requirements for the design of mine road surfaces by open-pit stone factories

FIG. 2 shows the road leading from an open-air stone factory to each working face in the mining area. The road surface is clay and mud. If this kind of pavement is required according to the standard of the design specification, it is obviously not required. This kind of yellow mud road is still passable when the weather is fine, and there is a great safety hazard in the rainy season or winter. The reason why the quarry factory uses this simple road surface, the key is that the investment of mine road is not a small cost, saving construction costs, investors do not build from the safety point of view to meet the design specifications of the road.

2. Open-pit stone mines are prone to safety accidents

Open-pit stone mines are prone to safety accidents because of the risks existing in roads. Common safety accidents include rollover accident, crash and collision accident, vehicle sinking accident, vehicle skid accident and so on.

(1) rollover accident

Due to the tortuous road of open-pit stone mines, the road condition is poor, and most of them are hillside roads. As a result, rollover accidents often occur. Road rollover accident is a safety risk point in stone open-pit mine. FIG. 3 shows a downhill turning mine road, which is easy to overturn.

(2) Vehicle sinking accident

Because the stone open-pit mine road is not strictly built in accordance with the mine road design specifications, the road is not compacting, in case of bad weather, the road softens and sinks, when the vehicle is driving on the softened road, there will be a sinking phenomenon, resulting in vehicle driving map difficult, and even accidents.

(3) Vehicle skid

The slope of the mine road is steep, the road slope is large, and the road is slippery, and the skid of the mine vehicle is common. If it is serious, it will even cause the vehicle to tip over and cause a major safety accident. Figure 4 is a granite mine, and the mining surface forms an obvious steep slope compared with the highway, which is easy for the vehicle to slip.

(4) Vehicle breakdown on the road

Vehicle failure, vehicle overload leads to trapped in the road accident. Although the vehicle breaking down on the road does not lead to serious safety accidents, it will seriously affect the normal progress of production and cannot be underestimated.

(5) Road collapse

Due to the large investment in the construction of roads in open-pit stone mines, some mine owners will not invest a lot of money in the road construction that does not produce a return on the principle of saving on the province, resulting in mine roads not strictly in accordance with the requirements of the design Code for open-pit mine road construction, resulting in road landslides seriously affecting mine production.

3. Prevention and control of road safety risk points in open-pit mines

(1) Risk prevention and control of vehicle rollover accidents

The prevention and control of vehicle accident risk in stone open-pit mines should pay attention to the following aspects: road construction should be carried out in strict accordance with the "Code for Road Design in open-pit Mines", and the construction quality of road construction should be well paid to reduce the accident risk of vehicle rollover caused by poor road construction quality.

Mine road conditions should be checked regularly, timely detection of road safety hazards, strengthen the management of vehicle drivers, and prohibit unlicensed driving. Strengthen the management of vehicle personnel, strictly prohibit illegal driving, and improve the sense of responsibility of drivers. Vehicles and quarrying operations are strictly prohibited in bad weather.

Risk warning signs should be set up in sections with large cliffs and drops to remind vehicle drivers to drive safely, and firm safety protection facilities should be set up to prevent the further deterioration of safety accidents when vehicles roll over.

(2) Risk prevention and control of vehicle sinking accidents

Vehicle sinking accidents are mostly caused by soft road surface and roadbed collapse. The key to control this kind of accident risk is to strengthen the control of road pavement construction quality. The road construction should be carried out in strict accordance with the "Code for Road Design of Open Pit Mines" to improve the construction quality of mine roads. Regular inspection of mine road conditions, timely detection of road safety hazards.

Strictly control vehicle overloading and speeding. Overload is a common phenomenon in stone mines. Mining enterprises in order to produce more ore, truck drivers in order to DORA goods to make money, regardless of safety risks. In order to curb the risk of vehicle sinking, subjective management in this respect should be strengthened, and the behavior of overloading and speeding should be severely cracked down on.

(3) Prevention and control of vehicle skid risk

The prevention and control of vehicle skid risk should be strengthened from the following points:

Road construction is carried out in strict accordance with the "Code for Road Design in Open Pit Mines", and the construction quality of road construction is paid attention to, especially the quality of road pavement. Mine road conditions should be inspected regularly, and mine roads should be regularly maintained, repaired and compacted. Eliminate the safety hazard of road slip. Vehicles and mining operations are strictly prohibited in inclement weather such as snow, ice and heavy rain. Anti-skid measures should be taken when work is necessary

(4) Risk prevention and control of vehicle breakdown

The risk of vehicle throwing wrong on the road is mostly due to vehicle failure. The focus of risk control is to strengthen vehicle inspection and strengthen daily maintenance and repair.

Strengthen the maintenance and inspection of roads, and clean up stones that are easy to puncture tires. It is strictly prohibited to overload and control the load of the vehicle.

(5) Prevention and control of road collapse risk

The risk of road collapse is mostly caused by major problems in road quality, strengthen the quality of road construction, daily inspection of roads, timely discovery of road safety hazards, and timely repair.

Road subgrade and road slope are the key places of road collapse risk management. Mine management personnel should establish technical data file management for roadbed and slope with wall risk, and have technical measures and emergency plans to prevent road collapse.

(6) Stone open-pit mine road safety warning signs

Strengthen the road safety management of stone open pit mine, control the various safety risks of vehicles on the road, mine road safety warning signs are very important auxiliary means, which is of great significance to reduce the various safety risks of stone open pit mine road.

2. Safety risk points and prevention and control of electrical facilities in stone open-pit mines

The high mountains and far roads of the stone open-pit mines are mostly located in the underdeveloped and remote mountain villages, and the stone open-pit mines are mostly private enterprises, so there are many safety risk points in the electrical aspects of the mines, which is an important aspect of the safety risk prevention and control of stone open-pit mines.

The possible safety risks of electrical facilities in stone open-pit mines include mine power interruption, substation failure, electric shock accident for operators, and substation operation stop due to natural disasters.

Safety risks and prevention methods of electrical facilities in stone open-pit mines:

(1) Prevention and control of safety risks of high-voltage lines

Design the circuit according to the requirements of the factory and mine electricity code. The high voltage line maintenance and management personnel are all professionals who hold work certificates. Special personnel regularly check the use of high-voltage lines, and form inspection records; The hidden dangers in the inspection are rectified in time. The high-voltage line is strictly prohibited as the mining area, and there is a safe distance between the high-voltage line and the mining operation area. Necessary safety warning signs shall be set up in the high-voltage line area.

(2) Substation safety risk prevention and control

The safety risks of substation mainly include:

① External risk. The external risks of the substation are natural forces, and the impact of human damage on the normal operation of the substation. In order to prevent external risks, some signs should be set up at the substation where non-staff members are forbidden to enter, and walls or guardrails should be set up to prohibit outsiders and animals from entering.

(2) Natural environmental risks. Natural environmental risks are unavoidable for substations. Natural wind, frost, rain, snow, sun, these risk factors to the substation lines and equipment more or less caused varying degrees of damage, leading to a variety of safety accidents, power failures, and even the entire power system in serious cases. The prevention of natural environment risk is the focus of substation management.

③ Staff risk. In the control process of substation operation and maintenance risk, the staff's risk awareness and strong sense of responsibility are crucial to the normal operation of the substation. In addition, the substation maintenance staff left their posts without authorization, which increased the risk of substation operation and maintenance to a large extent. The types of lines and equipment in the substation are more complex and the number is larger, which has high requirements for the technical level of the substation maintenance personnel.

(3) Substation risk prevention and control

① Strengthen shift and duty management. This is not only the basis of substation safety management, but also a very important work. When the substation staff change over, they should carefully prepare for the handover, sort out and summarize the operation and maintenance of the substation equipment and lines, comprehensively check whether the equipment is in normal operation, record the inspection results in detail, do a good job in site environmental health and equipment cleaning, and carefully sort out the information. In the process of transition, the shift personnel need to inform the succession personnel of the substation operation, existing risks, maintenance and other related matters, so that the succession personnel have a certain understanding of the operation of the equipment. The replacement personnel shall comprehensively check the operation of the substation equipment, and complete the overhaul and maintenance work not completed by the shift personnel. For example, substation lighting inspection, data and maintenance tools inspection, etc., to determine the safety problems existing in the operation of equipment. After the succession personnel make it clear that all the operation of the substation is basically normal, the succession personnel can sign on the shift record to leave a certificate.

② Strengthen flood control management to prevent damage caused by rainwater to substations. In the daily operation and maintenance of the substation, it is necessary to be equipped with certain flood control equipment and materials, especially during the flood control period, the staff need to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the flood control equipment and materials in the substation to ensure that these equipment and materials do not fail, and the management of these equipment and materials by special personnel: It is necessary to thoroughly check the operation functions of various equipment in the substation, such as switches, mechanism boxes, relays, etc.

In order to prevent water accumulation in the substation during the flood control period, it is necessary to check and dredge the parts that may have water accumulation. For example, drainage equipment, basements, cable channels, etc., complete the flood control and drainage work, and after the end of the flood control, the above parts need to be carefully checked to achieve timely drainage, when the humidity is large, you need to maintain the ventilation of the substation.

③ Strengthen fire management to prevent the damage caused by fire to the substation. Post fire signs and fire emergency measures at the prominent locations of substations. Check the fire fighting equipment regularly to ensure normal use, and prohibit stacking other items around the fire fighting equipment, and prohibit stacking explosive and flammable items in the substation. Set up a fire box for the fire fighting equipment installed in the outdoor: at the same time, it is necessary to discharge the waste oil in the substation into the corresponding container in accordance with the relevant regulations and standards, and cannot be discharged and stored anywhere, to ensure that there is no oil accumulation in the cable trench, to prevent the occurrence of fire and other events in the cable, and it is necessary to carry out fire operation in strict accordance with the fire standard.

Third, mining equipment operation safety risk points and prevention and control

The safety risks of mining equipment operation are more and more complex, and the safety accidents caused by the involved aspects are more, and the accident one and occurs lightly will hurt the legs and feet, and the heavy will die, therefore, the safety risk point of mining equipment operation is the top priority of the safety management of stone open-pit mines.

Safety risk and prevention and control of mine locust crane operation

Safety risk and prevention and control of rod crane installation. Rod crane is used to lift stone overweight equipment, which is similar to gantry crane, belongs to special equipment. Therefore, the installation of this equipment must be completed by professionals from the equipment manufacturer. The installation of non-professional personnel will cause safety accidents, and the installation of locust rod crane may have serious security risks. Therefore, stone production enterprises to buy rod crane to choose qualified enterprise products, installation check whether the installation personnel have qualifications. Only from these two aspects can we reduce the safety risks brought by the cotton pole crane.

Mast installation should be made in advance of the installation plan, and through the rod manufacturers, stone mining enterprises audit and implementation. When the mast crane is installed, the geological and topographic analysis of the installation position must be carried out carefully. Choose a hard surface; The terrain selection of wind is relatively small, to avoid the occurrence of rain floods, landslides, rod crane installation should be cleaned up affecting the installation and debugging of obstacles. Non-equipment installation personnel are strictly prohibited. The stone mining enterprise where the olive rod crane is installed should have special personnel to coordinate the installation of water, electricity, gas and other installation things.